ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR RISIKO KETERLAMBATAN PERKEMBANGAN ANAK BALITA DI KABUPATEN KUDUS

Abstract

LatarBelakang :Data balita mengalami keterlambatan perkembangan di Kudus sebanyak 186 kasus (0,2 %). Banyaknya faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap keterlambatan perkembangan anak perlu analisis agar sumber daya manusia di Indonesia lebih berkualitas. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk membuktikan faktor pranatal, perinatal dan pascanatal merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya keterlambatan perkembangan anak balita. Metode :Jenis penelitian observasional dengan rancangan kasus kontrol. Populasi semua balita usia 36-60 bulan yang mengalami keterlambatan perkembangan, Populasi kontrol semua balita usia 36-60 bulan yang perkembangannya normal, jumlah sampel 35 kasus dan35 kontrol. Faktor risiko yang diteliti riwayat status umur ibu risiko tinggi saat hamil, riwayat status gizi ibu dengan KEK saat hamil, riwayat frekuensi kunjungan ANC yang = 4x, riwayat masa gestasi = 37 minggu dan = 42 minggu, riwayat persalinan dengan tindakan,riwayat berat badan lahir tidak normal, riwayat status gizi balita kurang, riwayat tidak diberikannya ASI eksklusif. Pengumpulan data dengan pengisian kuesioner, penilaian perkembangan balita dengan KPSP. Data dianalisis secara univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Hasil :Faktor risiko yang bermakna adalah riwayat status umur risiko tinggi ibu saat hamil (p-value = 0,05) dengan nilai OR 11,8, dan riwayat tidak diberikan ASI eksklusif dengan nilai p 0,016 dan OR= 3,3. Sedangkan analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa faktor riwayat umur ibu risiko tinggi saat hamil dengan B 2,137 Adjusted OR 8,476, CI 0,53 dan p-value 0,969-74,177. Kesimpulan : Faktor risiko riwayat umur ibu risiko tinggi saat hamil dan riwayat tidak diberikannya ASI eksklusif adalah yang terbukti merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya keterlambatan perkembangan balita di Kabupaten Kudus. Saran kepada ibu perlu mempersiapkan diri dari mulai kehamilan dan memperhatikan perkembangan anaknya dengan memeriksakan ke tenaga kesehatan secara rutin, sehingga deteksi dini pertumbuhan dan perkembangan balitanya dapat terpantau. Kata Kunci : Faktor risiko, keterlambatan perkembangan balita Background :Based on the data found from the survey of Central Public Health in Kudus Regency, there are 186 problems (0.2 percent) related to the growth retardation of children under five years old. It caused the decreasing of human resources quality. There are many factors influenced the children growth retardation, that is classified into the factors of prenatal, perinatal and pascanatal risk. The factors that caused the growth retardation of children under five years old should be studied for further.This study is aimed at proving some factors of prenatal, perinatal, and pascanatal risk as the factors which are influenced on the growth retardation of children under five years in Kudus Regency. Methods:It is a kind of observational study with the control case plan. The population of the study is all the children under five years old around 3660 months who got the children growth retardation. Meanwhile, the control population is all the children under five years old around 36-60 months who got the normal children growth. There are 35 cases and 36 control population. The independent variables are the history of mother’s age with the high risk, the history of mother’s nutrient with KEK when pregnant, the history of ANC frequency more than four times, the history of gestation more than 37 weeks and less than 42 weeks, the history of delivery with special treatment, the history of abnormal weight, the history of non exclusive ASI given to the baby. The dependent variable is the children growth retardation under five years old. The data is collected through questionnaire and the children growth using KPSP. The data is analyzed by univariate, bivariate, and multivariate. Results :The bivariate analysis showed that the factors that related to the children growth retardation under five years old in Kudus regency was the history of the high risk pregnant mother, (p-value more than 0.05) with OR 11.8 and the history of non exclusive ASI given to the baby, (p-value 0.016 and OR 3.3. Conclusion :The society had to know the factors influenced on the children growth retardation under five years old so it can reduce the case. Key words: risk factor, the children growth retardatio