PROFIL FAKTOR RISIKO ATHEROSKLEROSIS PADA KEJADIAN INFARK MIOKARD AKUT DENGAN ST-SEGMENT ELEVASI DI RSUP DR. KARIADI

Abstract

Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurs when blood flow to the the heart is stopped and causing damage to the heart muscles. AMI is the leading cause of death in several countries, and its prevalence continues to increase. ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is one type of AMI which prevalence increases. In most cases of AMI do not display clinical symptoms and often cause sudden death. Therefore, the risk factors associated with the incidence of AMI requires further attention. Objective To analyze the characteristics of risk factors for atherosclerosis were found in the patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction at dr. Kariadi Semarang Central Hospital. Methods This study uses descriptive observational method. Data were taken from the medical record of STEMI patients who are hospitalized in the dr. Kariadi Semarang Central Hospital in 2014 with a total sampling method. Results 188 patients diagnosed with STEMI, with the proportion of 126 male (67.02%), and 62 female (32.98%). 1 case (0.5%) at the age of 16-25, 1 male. 18 cases (9.6%) at the age of 26-45, 12 male and 6 female. 113 cases (60.1%) at the age of 46-65, 85 male and 28 female. 56 cases (29%) at the age of >65, 28 male and 28 female. 136 patients with dyslipidemia (72,3%). 132 patients with hypertension (70,2%). 83 patients with diabetes mellitus (44,1%). 61 patients with overweight and obesity (32,5%). 44 patients with familial history (23,4%). 92 patients with history of smoking (48%). 6 patients (3.2%) with no risk factors. 30 patients (16%) with 1 risk factor. 67 patients (35.6%) with two risk factors. 51 patients (27.1%) with three risk factors. 29 patients (15.4) with four risk factors. 5 patients (2.7%) with five risk factors. Conclusions (1) The incidence of STEMI more in males (67.02%) than women (32.98%).(2) The average age of women (60 years) who diagnosed with STEMI tended to be older than men (45 years).(3) The order of the most common to the most rare risk factors that were found in patients with STEMI is dyslipidemia (72.3%), hypertension (70.2%), smoking (48.9%), diabetes mellitus (44.1%), overweight and obesity (32.5%), family history (23.4%). Keywords : acute myocardial infarction, STEMI, risk factors.