BEBERAPA FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN STUNTINGPADAANAKUSIA 12-36 BULAN: Studi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Woha Kabupaten Bima

Abstract

Latar Belakang:Stunting merupakan indikator adanya masalah kekurangan gizi kronis dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Angka prevalensi stunting di Kecamatan Woha Kabupaten Bima (39,6%) lebih tinggi dari angka prevalensi nasional (30,8%). Tujuan Penelitian: Untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab kejadian stunting pada anak usia 12-36 bulan di Puskesmas Woha Kabupaten Bima Metode Penelitian: Penelitian menggunakan rancangan kasus kontrol dengan pendekatan retrospektif pada 96 sampel di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Woha. Penentuan sampel dengan teknik simplerandomsampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan pengukuran tinggi badan atau panjang badan anak per umur dan tingi badan orang tua menggunakan alat ukur stadiometer. Analisis data menggunakan chi-square dan regresi logistik dengan metode enter. Hasil Penelitian:Hasil analisis bivariatterdapat 9 variabel yang terbukti signifikan secara statistik terhadap kejadian stunting antara lain berat badan lahir rendah (p=0,018), panjang badan lahir (p=0,011), tingkat asupan energi (p=0,011), tingkat asupan protein (p=0,005), riwayat penyakit infeksi (0,002), tinggi badan ayah (p=0,012), tinggi badan ibu (0,002), riwayat paparan pestisida (0,004), tingkat pendidikan ibu (0,025). Hasil analisis multivariat yang terbukti signifikan diantaranya asupan energi OR= 3,81 (95% CI= 1,28-11,30), penyakit infeksi OR= 4,837 (95% CI= 1,64-14,27), paparan pestisida OR= 3,47 (95% CI= 1,214-9,95), Tinggi badan ayah OR= 2,484 (95% CI= 1,02-7,95), tinggi badan ibu OR= 5,03 (95% CI= 1,75-14,40). ASI tidak eksklusif, riwayat imunisasi, akses pelayanan kesehatan, pendapatan keluarga dan pemberian makanan papahan tidak terbukti sebagai faktor risiko kejadian stunting. Kesimpulan:Tinggi badan orang tua (genetik) merupakan variabel yang paling dominan mempengaruhi kejadian stunting Kata Kunci: Kejadian stunting, paparan pestisida, pemberian makanan papahan Background:Stunting is an indicator of chronic malnutrition in the long time. The stunting prevalence rate in Woha District, Bima Regency (39.6%) is higher than the national prevalence rate (30.8%). Objective:To find out the risk factors that cause stunting in children aged 12-36 months in the working area of Woha Community Health Center Bima Regency Methods: The study used a case-control design with a retrospective approach to 96 samples in the working area of the Woha Community Health Center. Determination of the sample by simple random sampling technique. Data collection using a questionnaire and measurement of height or length of the child per age and height of parents using a stadiometer measuring instrumen. Data analysis using chi-square and logistic regression with the enter method. Result:The results of bivariate analysis found 9 variables that were proven to be statistically significant to the incidence of stunting including low birth weight (p = 0.018), length of birth body (p = 0.011), energy intake level (p = 0.011), protein intake level (p = 0.005), history of infectious diseases (0.002), father's height (p = 0.012), maternal height (0.002), history of pesticide exposure (0.004), maternal education level (0.025). The results of multivariate analysis that proved significant include energy intake of OR = 3.81 (95% CI = 1.28-11.30), infectious disease OR = 4.837 (95% CI = 1.64-14.27), exposure to OR pesticides = 3.47 (95% CI = 1,214-9.95), Father's height OR = 2.484 (95% CI = 1.02-7.95), maternal height OR = 5.03 (95% CI = 1 , 75-14,40). Non-exclusive breastfeeding, a history of immunization, access to health services, family income and history of preswallowed feeding are not proven to be risk factors for stunting. Conclusion:Parental height (genetic) is the most dominant variable affecting the incidence of stunting. Keywords:Stunting, exposure to pesticides, pre-swallowed feeding