PENGARUH PEMBERIAN MAKANAN PENDAMPING AIR SUSU IBU DINI TERHADAP GANGGUAN PERTUMBUHAN PADA BAYI USIA 6-12 BULAN (Studi Kohort Prospektif di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tongkuno, Kabupaten Muna, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara)

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Cakupan ASI eksklusif di Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara pada tahun 2016 yaitu 46,63% dimana angka ini belum mencapai target nasional (85%), sedangkan cakupan ASI eksklusif di Puskesmas Tongkuno yaitu 57,4%. Cakupan ASI eksklusif yang rendah menggambarkan tingginya pemberian makanan pendamping air susu ibu dini pada bayi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan pengaruh pemberian MP-ASI dini terhadap gangguan pertumbuhan (growth faltering) pada bayi usia 6-12 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tongkuno. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cohort prospective yang dilakukan selama 2 bulan pada 79 bayi: 32 bayi yang diberi MP-ASI dini dan 47 bayi yang tidak diberi MP-ASI dini. Subyek dipilih secara consecutive sampling. Growth faltering ditentukan melalui kenaikan berat badan anak dalam 2 bulan yang kurang dari persentil ke-5 berdasarkan standar WHO weight increment. Analisis data menggunakan regresi logistik. Hasil: Dari 79 bayi yang diteliti, 30,4% mengalami gangguan pertumbuhan. Tidak ada perbedaan karakteristik (jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan orang tua, pekerjaan orang tua, umur dan berat badan bayi saat awal penelitian, serta umur orang tua) antara kelompok yang diberi MP-ASI dini dan kelompok yang tidak diberi MP-ASI dini. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh pemberian MP-ASI dini terhadap gangguan pertumbuhan pada bayi usia 6-12 bulan (OR= 3,429; 95%CI= 1,076-10,932) setelah dikontrol tingkat kecukupan energi, protein, dan zinc; riwayat berat lahir rendah; dan kejadian penyakit infeksi saluran pernapasan atas. Simpulan: Pemberian MP-ASI dini berpengaruh terhadap gangguan pertumbuhan pada bayi usia 6-12 bulan. Kata kunci: MP-ASI dini, gangguan pertumbuhan, bayi Background: The coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in Southeast Sulawesi in 2016 was 46.63% which had not reached the national target (85%), while the coverage in Tongkuno health center was 57.4%. The low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding illustrates that many infants got early complementary feeding. This study aimed to determine the effect of early complementary feeding on growth faltering on infants aged 6-12 months in Tongkuno health center. Methods: This cohort prospective study was held for 2 months in 79 infants: 32 infants who were given early complementary feeding and 47 infants who were not. The subjects were chosen by consecutive sampling technique. Growth faltering was defined as the baby weight increments within two months < 5th percentile of WHO weight increment standard. Data were analyzed by logistic regression method. Results: There were 79 of the infants who followed for 2 months, 30.4% of them had growth faltering. There were no differences on respondents’ characteristics (gender, parents education level, parents occupation, infant age and body weight at the beginning of the study, and parents age) between the early complementary feeding group and the timely complementary feeding group. Multivariate analysis showed that there was an effect of early complementary feeding on growth faltering on infants aged 6-12 months (OR=3.429; 95%CI: 1.076-10.932) after controlling for energy, protein, and zinc adequacy level; the history of low birth weight; and the incidence of upper respiratory tract infections. Conclusion: Early complementary feeding affect the growth faltering on infants aged 6-12 months. Keywords: Early complementari feeding, growth faltering, infant