FORMULA PASTA DAN TEH DAUN GEDI MERAH (ABELMOSCHUS MANIHOT L.) SEBAGAI BAHAN TERAPI ALTERNATIF KOMPLEMENTER PERUBAHAN PROFIL LIPIDA PADA KASUS DISLIPIDEMIA (STUDI LABORATORIUM)

Abstract

Latar belakang : Dislipidemia merupakan faktor risiko penyakit kardiovaskuler yang menjadi penyebab utama kematian di dunia dan di Indonesia. Pengendalian hiperlipidemia dapat dilakukan melalui tanaman obat. Daun gedi merah merupakan salah satu tanaman obat yang mengandung tanin, polifenol dan flavonoid yang diduga mampu berpengaruh terhadap profil lipid (kolesterol, trigliserida, LDL dan HDL). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membuktikan pengaruh pemberian daun gedi merah (Abelmoschus manihot L.) dalam bentuk pasta dan teh terhadap profil lipid tikus putih (Rattus novergicus) hiperlipidemia. Metode : Jenis penelitian ini adalah True Experimental Design, rancangan penelitian Randomized Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. Subjek penelitian yaitu 18 ekor tikus putih jantan galur wistar dislipidemia terbagi menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu kelompok simvastatin diberi simvastatin 0,10 mg, kelompok pasta diberi pasta daun gedi merah 128 mg yang mengandung 100 mg flavonoid, serta kelompok teh diberi teh daun gedi merah 4,5 g yang mengandung 100 mg flavonoid selama 7 hari. Profil lipid diperiksa dengan metode CHOD-PAP. Data dianalisis menggunakan t paired test, repeated anova dan post hoc. Hasil : Penurunan kadar kolesterol dengan simvastatin (41,81%) secara bermakna (p=0,000) dan lebih baik daripada pasta (11,60% ; p = 0,011) maupun teh (7,37% ; p = 0,005). Penurunan kadar trigliserid dengan simvastatin (41,82%) secara bermakna (p=0,023) dan sama baik dengan pasta (38,09% ; p = 0,006) tetapi lebih baik dibandingkan teh (14,22% ; p = 0,358). Penurunan kadar LDL dengan simvastatin (80,99%) secara bermakna (p=0,000) dan sama baik dibandingkan pasta (56,79% ; p = 0,001) tetapi lebih baik dibandingkan teh (0,41% ; p = 0,945). Peningkatan kadar HDL menggunakan simvastatin (17,67%) tetapi tidak bermakna (p=0,138) dan kurang baik dibandingkan pasta (45,66% ; p = 0,004) tapi lebih baik daripada teh yang justru menurun (25,86% ; p = 0,030). Simpulan : Formula pasta daun gedi merah dapat digolongkan obat herbal terstandar dan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai obat alternatif kasus dislipidemia. Formula teh daun gedi merah dapat digolongkan obat herbal terstandar dalam menurunkan kolesterol total tetapi belum dapat digolongkan obat herbal terstandar dalam menurunkan trigliserid, LDL dan peningkatan HDL. Teh daun gedi merah dapat digunakan sebagai terapi komplementer kasus dislipidemia. Perlu penelitian dengan peningkatan dosis dan lama pemberian teh daun gedi merah. Kata kunci : Pasta, teh daun gedi merah (Abelmoschus manihot L.), Profil lipid (total kolesterol, trigliserid, LDL dan HDL) dan Dislipidemia. Background: Dyslipidemia as risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, are leading the cause of death in the world and in Indonesia. Control of hyperlipidemia can be done through medicinal plants. Red gedi leaves is one of the medicinal plants that contain tannins, polyphenols and flavonoids were allegedly able to affect the lipid profile (cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL). This study was conducted to prove the effect of red gedi leaves (Abelmoschus manihot L.) in the form of pasta and tea on lipid profile of white rats (Rattus novergicus) hyperlipidemia. Methods: This type of research is true experimental design , randomized study design pretest - posttest control group design . Subject of research that 18 rats male wistar strain dyslipidemia are divided into three groups: simvastatin group was given 0.10 mg simvastatin group was given pasta pasta red leaf gedi 128 mg containing 100 mg of flavonoids, as well as tea group were given tea leaves red gedi 4.5 g containing 100 mg of flavonoids for 7 days. Lipid profile checked by CHOD - PAP method. Data were analyzed using paired t test, ANOVA and post hoc repeated . Results: Decreased levels of cholesterol with simvastatin (41.81%) were significantly (p = 0.000) and better than the pasta (11.60%; p = 0.011) and tea (7.37%; p = 0.005). Decreased levels of triglycerides and simvastatin (41.82%) were significantly (p = 0.023) and equally well with pasta (38.09%; p = 0.006) but better than tea (14.22%; p = 0.358). Decrease in LDL cholesterol with simvastatin (80.99%) were significantly (p = 0.000) and at better than pasta (56.79%; p = 0.001) but better than tea (0.41%; p = 0.945). Increased levels of HDL using simvastatin (17.67%) but not significantly (p = 0.138) and less well than pasta (45.66%; p = 0.004) but better than tea which decreased (25.86%; p = 0.030). Conclusion: Formula pasta red gedi leaves can be classified standardized herbal medicine and can be use as an alternative medicine cases of dyslipidemia. Formula red gedi leaves tea can be classified standardized herbal medicine in lowering total cholesterol but can not be classified standardized herbal medicine in lowering triglycerides, LDL and increase HDL. Red gedi leaves tea can be use as a complementary therapy dyslipidemia cases. So need to study with increasing dose and duration of administration red gedi leaves tea . Keywords: Pasta, red gedi leaves tea (Abelmoschus manihot L.), lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL) and Dyslipidemia.