EFEKTIFITAS EKSTRAK PHALERIA MACROCARPA, KEMOTERAPI DAN KOMBINASI KEDUANYA DALAM MENINGKATKAN EKSPRESI CASPASE 3 DAN INDEKS APOPTOSIS PADA KARSINOMA EPIDERMOID

Abstract

Background Epidermoid carcinoma ( squamous cell carcinoma) is a malignant proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes,which is the most type of epidermal cells, and is one of skin cancer that is often found. Chemotherapy management of skin epidermoid cancer is relatively expensive and often have toxic effects that may impair the function of some vital human organs. Phaleria macrocarpa is a kind of medicinal plants used as a anticancer treatment, and is believed can interfere tumor growth especially in terms of apoptosis. Objective To prove the effectiveness of extracts Phaleria marcocarpa, paclitaxel-cisplatin chemotherapy and neoadjuvant combination of both as to the increase in caspase 3 expression and apoptosis index in epidermoid carcinoma of the skin in Swiss mice. Method This study used male mice swiss strain, after the induction of epidermoid carcinoma cells, randomized into 4 groups, K (control), P1 (Phaleria macrocarpa 0,0715 mg/day). P2 (paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 and cisplatin 50 mg/m2), P3 (combination Phaleria macrocarpa and chemotherapy). The expression of Caspase 3 examined by immunohistochemical staining using the Caspase 3 Ab-4 rabbit polyclonal antibody and examination of apoptotic index is done by using Tunel staining, were then calculated using the method of Aihara M et al. Results Increased expression of caspase 3 in the order from higher to lower can be seen in group P3, P2 and P1 with significant results (p<0,05) if it is compared to control group. Increased apoptotic index in the order from higher to lower can be seen in group P3, P2 and P1 with significant results (p<0,05) if it is compared to control group. Meanwhile, from correlation test results, it can be concluded that there is a significant correlation between the expression of caspase 3 against apoptotic index with a very strong positive relationship. Conclusion Extract Phaleria marcocarpa, chemotherapy paclitaxel-cisplatin and both combination increased the expression of caspase 3 and epidermoid carcinoma cell apoptosis index, found no significant differences in group P1 compared with group P2 and obtained a synergy effect on the administration of a combination of both, as well as a significant correlation between the expression of caspase 3 against the apoptotic index with a very strong positive relationship. Keywords Phaleria marcocarpa, caspase 3, apoptotic index, skin epidermoid carcinoma.