Analisis Faktor Risiko Kejadian Berat Badan Lahir Rendah di Kabupaten Banjarnegara

Abstract

Universitas Diponegoro Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Program Magister Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Konsentrasi Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak 2014 ABSTRAK Ratih Subekti Analisis Faktor Risiko Kejadian Berat Badan Lahir Rendah di Kabupaten Banjarnegara xiv + 90 halaman + 23 tabel + 5 gambar + 9 lampiran Berat Badan Lahir Rendah merupakan salah satu penyebab terbesar kematian neonatal. Kasus BBLR di Kabupaten Banjarnegara menunjukkan peningkatan dari 5,78% pada tahun 2011 menjadi 6,85% pada tahun 2013, walaupun program pencegahan BBLR sudah banyak dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mencari faktor risiko kejadian BBLR di Kabupaten Banjarnegara. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara observasional analitik dengan desain kasus kontrol. Populasi adalah ibu yang melahirkan bayi dalam kurun waktu Januari-Juni 2014. Jumlah subjek, 85 kasus (ibu yang melahirkan BBLR) diambil dari populasi studi dengan teknik purposive sampling dan 85 kontrol (ibu yang melahirkan BBLN) dipilih dengan cara matching menurut umur dan jenis kelamin bayi dari 4 kecamatan di Kabupaten Banjarnegara. Analisis bivariat dengan uji chi-square dan multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik ganda. Faktor risiko kejadian BBLR adalah umur ibu < 20 atau > 35 tahun (OR = 5,19; 95% CI : 2,621-10,272), prematuritas (OR = 3,66; 95% CI : 1,894-7,058), primipara (OR = 4,09; 95% CI:1,846-9,066), anemia pada trimester III (OR = 2,70; 95% CI : 1,436-5,078), LILA < 23,5 cm (OR = 1,95; 95% CI : 1,057-3,582), hiperemesis gravidarum (OR = 1,96; 95% CI : 1,061-3,620) dan stres psikologik pada ibu hamil (OR = 1,95; 95% CI : 1,059-3,603). Jarak kelahiran < 2 tahun, pertambahan berat badan ibu dan hipertensi trimester III bukan merupakan faktor risiko kejadian BBLR dalam penelitian ini. Faktor yang bersama-sama merupakan faktor risiko kejadian BBLR adalah prematuritas, umur ibu, anemia trimester III dan stres psikologik. Disimpulkan bahwa prematuritas, umur ibu, anemia pada trimester III dan stres psikologik merupakan faktor risiko kejadian BBLR yang paling dominan di Kabupaten Banjarnegara. Kata Kunci : faktor risiko, BBLR, prematuritas, anemia, stres psikologik Kepustakaan : 78 (1993-2014) Diponegoro University Faculty of Public Health Master’s Program in Public Health Majoring in Maternal and Child Health 2014 ABSTRACT Ratih Subekti Risk Factor Analysis for the Occurrence of Low Birth Weight in Banjarnegara District xiv + 90 pages + 23 tables + 5 figures + 9 enclosures Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the main causes of neonatal mortality. Number of LBW cases in Banjarnegara District increased gradually from 5.78% in 2011 to 6.85% in 2013 even though a program to prevent LBW had been done. This research aimed to investigate risk factors of LBW occurrence in Banjarnegara District. This was observational analytic research with case-control approach. Population was mothers who gave birth to their babies from January to June 2014. Number of samples were 85 cases (mothers who gave birth to LBW babies) selected from the population using purposive sampling and 85 controls (mothers who gave birth to normal birth weight babies) selected using a method of matching by age and gender. Furthermore, data were analyzed using methods of bivariate (Chi-Square test) and multivariate analyses (Multiple Linear Regression test). The result of this research showed that risk factors for the occurrence of LBW were as follows: mother’s age < 20 or > 35 years old (OR = 5.19; 95% CI : 2.621-10.272), prematurity (OR = 3.66; 95% CI: 1.894-7.058), primipara (OR = 4.09; 95% CI : 1.846-9.066), anemia during trimester III (OR = 2.70; 95% CI : 1.436-5.078), upper arm circumference < 23.5 cm (OR = 1.95; 95% CI : 1.057-3.582), hiperemesis gravidarum (OR = 1.96; 95% CI : 1.061-3.620), and psychological stress on pregnant woman (OR = 1.95; 95% CI : 1.059-3.603). On the other hand, birth spacing < 2 years, the increase of mother’s body weight, and hypertension during trimester III were not risk factors for the occurrence of LBW. Prematurity, mother’s age, anemia during trimester III, and psychological stress jointly were risk factors for the occurrence of LBW. In conclusion, prematurity, mother’s age, anemia during trimester III, and psychological stress were the most dominant risk factors for the occurrence of LBW in Banjarnegara District. Key Words : Risk Factor, LBW, Prematurity, Anemia, Psychological Stress Bibliography : 78 (1993 – 2014)