ANALISIS PERUBAHAN PERGERAKAN AKIBAT PERUBAHAN INFRASTRUKTUR JALAN LOKAL SEBAGAI DAMPAK PEMBANGUNAN JALAN TOL SEMARANG – SOLO STUDI KASUS KECAMATAN BANYUMANIK KOTA SEMARANG

Abstract

ABSTRAK Jalan tol Semarang – Solo merupakan salah satu prioritas bagian Program Nasional pembangunan Jalan Tol Trans Jawa. Jalan tol Semarang-Solo di wilayah Kota Semarang melintasi 2 kecamatan 7 kelurahan, yaitu Kecamatan Banyumanik meliputi Kelurahan Sumurboto, Pedalangan, Padangsari, Jabungan, Gedawang dan Pudakpayung. Untuk Kecamatan Tembalang hanya di Kelurahan Kramas. Pembangunan jalan tol tersebut menimbulkan pengaruh perubahan jaringan infrastruktur jalan lokal, yang berakibat pada perubahan pergerakan eksternal masyarakat setempat dalam melakukan tujuan perjalanan. Hasil penelitian deskriptif, pada 3 (tiga) titik perpotongan antara jalan tol dengan jalan lokal yaitu di Jl. Klentengsari, Jl. Tirtoagung dan Jl. Mulawarman Kecamatan Banyumanik Kota Semarang, jalan lokal yang terkena pembangunan jalan tol tersebut sangat penting fungsinya yang diindikasikan dengan tingkat penggunaan sebesar 80,6% dan tuntutan harus tetap dipertahankan keberadaannya sebanyak 82,7%. Perubahan jarak tempuh yang terjadi sebesar 51,2% untuk jarak kurang dari 500 meter pada Jl. Mulawarman, sedangkan di Jl. Tirtoagung dan Jl. Klentengsari cenderung lebih dari 500 meter dengan prosentase sebesar 45,5% dan 38,2%. Akibat perubahan pergerakan tersebut, dari aspek pemakaian BBM diperoleh data rata-rata biaya BBM mobil sebelum proyek Jalan Tol adalah Rp. 149 ribu per minggu, sedangkan sesudah proyek Jalan Tol mencapai Rp. 153 ribu per minggu atau adanya penambahan biaya konsumsi BBM rata-rata sebesar Rp. 4.200,- per minggu atau sebesar 2,81%. Untuk rata-rata biaya BBM motor sebelum proyek Jalan Tol adalah Rp. 29 ribu per minggu, sedangkan sesudah proyek Jalan Tol mencapai Rp. 31 ribu per minggu atau ada penambahan biaya rata-rata sebesar Rp. 2.100,- per minggu atau sebesar 7,24%. Sedangkan perubahan rekayasa infrastruktur jalan lokal di lokasi Mulawarman, mengakibatkan perubahan jarak perjalanan 139,77 meter terhadap panjang jalan existing dan perubahan waktu tempuh 12,58 detik terhadap waktu tempuh kondisi existing. Hal ini mengindikasikan adanya perubahan biaya perjalanan bagi masyarakat setempat. Apabila ditinjau dari aspek nilai kualitas infrastruktur jalan lokal pengganti pasca pembangunan, dimungkinkan akan lebih memberikan kenyamanan dan keuntungan bagi pengguna jalan dan masyarakat setempat. Hal ini disebabkan karena selain dilakukan peningkatan kapasitas jalan juga dilakukan peningkatan struktur dan konstruksi jalan yang jauh lebih baik dari kondisi existing-nya. Rekayasa infrastruktur atas terganggunya jalan lokal dan atau penyediaan jalan lokal pengganti, ditinjau dari aspek aksesibilitas dan mobilitasnya tidak mengakibatkan kerugian bagi masyarakat setempat dalam melakukan tujuan perjalanan. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari perubahan jarak tempuh dan penambahan biaya perjalanan yang tidak signifikan atau relatif kecil. Selain itu, kebutuhan infrastruktur jalan lokal bagi masyarakat setempat/sekitar telah diakomodir dengan pembangunan/penyediaan infrastruktur jalan lokal/pengganti yang lebih memadai. Pada saat dilakukan penelitian, pembangunan konstruksi Jalan Tol masih dalam pelaksanaan, sehingga penelitian dapat dipertajam lebih lanjut setelah konstruksi jalan tol dan infrastruktur jalan lokal pengganti selesai, seperti dari aspek perubahan nilai lahan, sistem kegiatan dan tingkat pendapatan lokal di sekitar Jalan Tol. Key words: jalan tol, jalan lokal dan perubahan pergerakan. ABSTRACT Semarang – Solo Highway is one of many priorities of parts of the National Program of Trans Java Highway construction. In Semarang area, the Semarang – Solo Highway crosses 2 districts and 7 villages, which are, Banyumanik District including some villages such as Sumurboto, Pedalangan, Padangsari, Jabungan, Gedawang, and Pudakpayung. For Tembalang District, it is only in Kramas Village. The construction of that highway causes some changes in the local street infrastructure network, which is, in Klentengsari Street, Tirtoagung Street, and Mulawarman Street in Banyumanik District of Semarang City. Those local streets experiencing the impacts of highway construction have a very important role, indicated by the usage rate of 80.6% and the demand in which their existence should be maintained is as much as 82.7%. The occurring changes of distance are as much as 51.2% for the distance less than 500 meters in Mulawarman Street, meanwhile, in Tirtoagung Street and Klentengsari Street, it tends to be more than 500 meters with the percentages of as much as 45.5% and 38.2%. Due to those changes, from the fuel consumption aspect, the data of average fuel cost for cars before the construction of the highway, which was as much as Rp 149,000.00 per week, is obtained. Meanwhile, after the construction of the highway, it reaches Rp 153,000.00 per week; there is an increase of the average fuel consumption cost as much as Rp 4,200.00 per week or as much as 2.81%. For the average fuel cost for motorcycles before the construction of the highway was as much as Rp 29,000.00 per week; meanwhile, after the construction of the highway, it reaches Rp 31,000.00 per week; there is an increase of the average fuel consumption cost as much as Rp 2,100.00 per week or as much as 7.24%. Meanwhile, the changes of local street infrastructure engineering in Mulawarman location cause the change of distance as much as 139.77 meters on the existing street and the change of time required to go through the street is 12.58 seconds compared to the existing required time. This indicates the changes of transportation cost for the local society. If it is viewed from the aspect of the value of substitute local street infrastructure quality, it is possible that it will provide comfort and benefits for street users and local societies. This is because, besides the improvement of road capacity is conducted, the improvement of road structure and construction that are better than the existing condition is also conducted. The infrastructure engineering of the disturbed local streets and/or the provision of substitute local streets, viewed from the accessibility and mobility aspects, does not harm the local society in making their journey. This can be seen from the changes of distance and increase of transportation cost is insignificant or relatively small. Besides that, the necessity of local street infrastructure for the local societies has been accommodated by the more adequate construction/provision of local/substitute road infrastructure. When the research was conducted, the construction of highway is still in process, thus, this research can be perfected more after the construction of highway and the local substitute road infrastructure are completed, such as, from the aspect of land value changes and activity system and income rate around the highway. Keywords: highway, local street and movement changes