PERUBAHAN BENTUK DAN STRUKTUR LINGKUNGAN PERMUKIMAN DI BALUWARTI SURAKARTA

Abstract

The study, triggered by emerging antagonist cultural among Traditional and Modern. On the other side, life of humanity (cultural) always live among such dualism region. Baluwarti settlement domain, chosen as the research investigation, because they were the founder of a Javanese cultural village.Kraton as the center of culture, set up a settlement neighborhood arrangement, in Javanese traditional notion. Recent day, the changing of life of humanity beyond "Global" becoming very attractive, as a reason to explore traditional notion, through culture inheritance as Baluwarti settlement domain has shown. The problem setting has covered the reason why we have to explore deeper, aimed to get the description of the change in traditional settlement form structure at Baluwarti. Getting the aim, it will be conducted historical research action over the research investigation object. Knowing the characteristic of the study, Ideograph Descriptive method was chosen, the method was the drawing descriptively through several interpretations, which is connected with change in traditional settlement structure at Baluwarti. Numbers of data has been collected, both historical ancient inscription, resource persons, and field observation. The data connected with physical environment set or Baluwarti life arrangement, even in the past or present. Then, analysis was conducted from numbers of data, which has been collected. After we conduct the analysis examination, it will show a change structurally as an outcome, the set of environment at Baluwarti. The change was happened both physical outcome and imphysical outcome. Physical change was occurred in life matter, elements and settlement domain arrangements (structure). Baluwarti settlement domain scope, at the first time as one settlement domain arrangement (traditional), based on functional-symbolic notion, and then being polarized. New settlement domain unit, as small unit, was made from old settlement domain structure elements. The physical environment set which has been changed, also become different along the change of social humanity life. But, in the study, it was found also permanent elements from physical or unphysical aspect. Permanent physical elements, was found in each representative elememts, that is Noble Dalem, Abdi Dalem habitat (life sphere), and public facility. Permanent unphysical elements were kinship relationship and same attitude (meaning) from their society against place. Emerging recommendation from the research outcome relevantly confirm to decision maker of policy (Pemerintah Kota Surakarta), organizer (manager) of traditional domain (Kraton) and Baluwarti society, and knowlegde enhancement. The policy of Kota Surakarta government for the conservation at Baluwarti domain, must keep the shape of communal pattern and historical worth of kinship. The development which is tend incrementally, must be controlled by the Kraton Organizer. And positive value of communal shape can be employed in planning concept of new settlement domain order. Penelitian ini, dipicu oleh seringnya muncul persoalan kultural yang antagonis antara Tradisional versus Modern. Disisi lain, perikehidupan (kultural) selalu berada dalam dualisme kawasan tersebut. Lingkungan permukiman Baluwarti, dipilih sebagai kajian penelitian, karena merupakan salah satu tempat yang menjadi cikal bakalnya budaya Jawa. Kraton sebagai pusat budaya, membangun tatanan lingkungan permukiman, dalam konsepsi tradisional Jawa. Dalam perubahan perikehidupan menuju "Global" sekarang ini, menjadi sangat menarik untuk menggali konsepsi-konsepsi tradisional, melalui artefak budaya seperti lingkungan permukiman Baluwarti. Dengan latar permasalahan tersebut, dirasa perlu menggali (meneliti) lebih jauh, untuk tujuan mendapatkan gambaran perubahan struktur permukiman tradisional di Baluwarti. Untuk tujuan tersebut, dilakukan langkah penelitian historis pada obyek kajian. Mengingat sifat penelitian ini, dipilih metode Deskriptif Ideographik, yakni penggambaran secara deskripsi melalui sejumlah interpretasi, terkait dengan perubahan struktur lingkungan permukiman di Baluwarti. Sejumlah data dikumpulkan, balk berupa keterangan sejarah tertulis maupun dari nara sumber, ataupun pengamatan langsung di lapangan. Data-data tersebut berkaitan dengan tata lingkungan fisik permukiman maupun tata kehidupan di Baluwarti, baik masa lalu maupun sekarang. Selanjutnya, analisis dilakukan dari sejumlah data yang terkumpul. Dad kajian analisis yang dilakukan, diperoleh temuan adanya perubahan secara struktural, tata lingkungan di Baluwarti. Perubahan tersebut berupa fisik maupun non fisik. Perubahan fisik adalah menyangkut lingkup, unsur-unsur serta tatanan (struktur) lingkungan permukiman. Lingkup lingkungan permukiman Baluwarti, yang semula sebagai satu kesatuan tata lingkungan permukiman (tradisional), berdasar konsep simbolik-fungsional, kini menjadi terpolarisasi. Satuan lingkungan permukiman yang baru, berupa unit-unit (lingkup) kecil yang berasal dari unsur-unsur struktur lingkungan permukiman lama. Tata lingkungan fisik yang telah berubah tersebut, seiring dengan perubahan perikehidupan sosial kemasyarakatan. Namun demikian, dalam penelitian ini ditemukan juga unsur-unsur yang permanen dari aspek fisik maupun non fisik. Unsur-unsur fisik yang tetap, ditemukan pada setiap unsur yang mewakili, yakni Dalem Bangsawan, hunian Abdi Dalem, serta fasilitas umum Unsur-unsur non fisik yang tetap, berupa ikatan kekerabatan dan kesamaan sikap (meaning) dari masyarakatnya, terhadap tempat (place). Rekomendasi yang bisa diangkat dari hasil temuan penelitian, relevan ditujukan kepada penentu kebijakan (Pemerintah Kota Surakarta), pengelola lingkungan tradisional (Kraton) dan masyarakat Baluwarti, serta bagi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan. Kebijakan pemerintah Kota Surakarta dalam hal konservasi dan pengembangan lingkungan Baluwarti, harus mempertahankan pola bentuk komunal dan kekerabatan yang bernilai historis. Perkembangan yang cenderung incremental, harus dikendalikan oleh pengelola Kraton. Sedangkan, nilai-nilai positip dari bentuk komunal dan struktur berjenjang, bisa digunakan dalam konsep perencanaan tata lingkungan permukiman baru.