PENGARUH KETAMIN SEBAGAI ANESTETIKUM
TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH PENDERITA
DIABETES MELLITUS DAN NON DIABETES MELLITUS

Muhammad Auli Khoironi 1). Soenarjo 2), Abidin Munir 3)

ABSTRACT

Background: Ketamine has sympathomimetic effects in increasing the blood sugar level. The objective of this research is to find evidence of the effect of ketamine as an anesthetic towards blood glucose level of diabetes mellitus and non diabetes mellitus patients.
Methods: Thirty six patients divided into two groups, 18 non diabetes mellitus patients and 18 diabetes mellitus patients underwent elective surgery at Kariadi Hospital Semarang, the diabetes mellitus patients are well maintained and have no contra indication towards ketamine. Blood glucose was measured during these points: fasting state before surgery, premedication, in the 5th, 10th, and 15th minute after ketamine 1 mg/kgBW administration, the 15th, 30th, 60th, 90th and 120th minute after the beginning of surgery and the 30th minute of post surgery.
Results: In Non diabetes mellitus Group, there were significantly differences in the increasing (p<0.05) of blood glucose that found at premedication, the 5th, 10th, 15th minute after ketamine 1 mg/kgBW administration, the 15th minute after the beginning of surgery and 30th minute of post surgery. In the Treated Group, there were significantly differences in the increasing (p<0.05) of blood glucose that found at the 15th minutes after the beginning of surgery and the 30th minutes of post surgery. The data was analysed using Independent T-test.
Conclusion: Ketamine increased the blood glucose levels of diabetes mellitus and non diabetes mellitus patients.

Key Words: ketamine, diabetes mellitus, blood glucose level

ABSTRAK

Latar belakang: Ketamin memiliki efek simpatomimetik yang mengakibatkan meningkatnya kadar glukosa darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuktikan pengaruh ketamin terhadap kadar glukosa darah pada penderita diabetes mellitus dan non diabetes mellitus.
Metode: Tiga puluh enam penderita yang terbagi dua kelompok masing-masing 18 pasien non diabetes mellitus dan 18 pasien diabetes mellitus yang menjalani operasi elektif di RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang pada kelompok penderita diabetes mellitus terawat dengan baik, serta seluruh pasien tidak memiliki kontra indikasi terhadap ketamin. Pengukuran kadar glukosa darah puasa sebelum pembedahan, premedikasi, menit ke-5, 10 dan 15 setelah pemberian ketamin 1 mg/kgBB IV, menit ke-15, 30, 60, 90, dan 120 setelah pembedahan dimulai, serta kadar glukosa darah 30 menit pasca pembedahan. Analisis data menggunakan Independent T-test.
Hasil: Pada kelompok non diabetes mellitus terdapat peningkatan berbeda bermakna (p<0,05) pada kadar glukosa darah premedikasi, menit ke-5, 10, 15 setelah pemberian ketamin 1 mg/kgBB IV, dan menit ke-15 setelah pembedahan dimulai serta 30 menit pasca pembedahan. Pada kelompok diabetes mellitus terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05) pada pengukuran kadar glukosa darah menit ke-15 setelah pembedahan dimulai dan 30 menit pasca pembedahan.
Simpulan: Pemberian ketamin sebagai anestetikum pada penderita diabetes mellitus dan non diabetes mellitus dapat meningkatkan kadar glukosa darah.

Kata Kunci: ketamin, kadar glukosa darah, diabetes mellitus

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