HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN IBU DAN STATUS EKONOMI KELUARGA DENGAN PERTUMBUHAN ANAK UMUR 2-5 TAHUN DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS BANGETAYU KECAMATAN GENUK KOTA SEMARANG

Abstract

Pertumbuhan merupakan indikator yang tepat guna dari kecukupan masukan zat-zat gizi esensial dan indikator yang peka terhadap kekurangan energi protein. Pertumbuhan dalam arti perubahan struktur atau ukuran, ditetapkan dengan antropometri gizi. Tinggi badan dan berat badan merupakan pengukuran dasar dalam antropometri gizi dan paling banyak digunakan dalam pengukuran pertumbuhan. Pertumbuhan dipengaruhi oleh keadaan sosial ekonomi keluarga diantaranya tingkat pendidikan, pendapatan dan pengeluaran pangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan tingkat pendidikan ibu den status ekonomi keluarga dengan pertumbuhan anak. Jenis penelitian ini adalah non eksperimental longitudinal dengan metode survei dan pendekatan studi kohor prospektif. Penelitian dilakukan selama 20 bulan. Data primer berupa pengukuran berat badan, tinggi badan, tingkat pendidikan dan status ekonomi keluarga dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner. Populasi penelitian ini adalah anak umur 2-5 tahun yang ada di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Bangetayu. Sampel berjumlah 220 anak. Data dianalisis dengan korelasi Rank Spearman untuk menguji hubungan dan uji Mann Whitney untuk menguji perbedaan pertumbuhan anak. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan tingkat pendidikan ibu dengan pertumbuhan BB/U anak selama 5 bulan pertama, nilai r = 0,139 dan p = 0,039 dan 10 bulan pertama penelitian, nilai r = 0,135 dan p = 0,046, tetapi tidak ada hubungan dengan pertumbuhan TB/U anak. Pendapatan dan pengeluaran pangan tidak mempunyai hubungan dengan pertumbuhan BB/U dan TB/U anak. Hasil uji Mann Whitney menemukan perbedaan pertumbuhan berdasarkan jenis kelamin anak pada pertumbuhan BB/U 5 bulan kedua penelitian, sedangkan pertumbuhan TB/U anak tidak ada perbedaan. Perlu peningkatan kegiatan pemantauan pertumbuhan anak untuk mendeteksi secara dini adanya gangguan pertumbuhan anak. Kata Kunci: Pendidikan, status ekonomi, pertumbuhan, anak 2-5 tahun THE CORRELATION BETWEEN MOTHER'S EDUCATION LEVEL AND FAMILY ECONOMY STATUS WITH THE GROWTH OF CHILDREN AGE 2-5 YEARS OLD IN THE WORKING AREA OF BANGETAYU PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER, GENUK SUB DISTRICT SEMARANG A growth is an effective indicator of the intake sufficiency of essential nutrient substances and also an indicator which is sensitive to the lack of protein energy. The growth in the meaning of structure or size changes, is measured by anthropometry. The height and weight of body is a basic measurement in the nutrient antropometry and mosly used in the growth measurement. The growth is affected by the economy social condition of a family, namely the level of education, income, and food outcome. The aim of the research is to analyze the correlation between mother's education level and family economy status with the growth of children. Design of the research is a non-experimental longitudinal with survey method and prospective cohort study. The research was conducted for 20 months. A primary data were the measurement of weight and height of body, tehe education level and family economy status througd interview using questionnaire. The research population was children age 2-5 years old in working area of Bangetayu Public Health Center. The sample in this research was in the amount 0f 220 children. Data was analyzed by using Rank Spearman correlation to examine the correlation and Mann Whitney test to examine the children's growth diffrence. The result indicates that there is a correlation between mother's education level and the growth of children's body weight for age for the first 5 months, r value= 0,139 and p value =0,039 and the first 10 months of the research, r value= 0,135 and p value =0,046, however there is no correlation between mother's education level and the growth of children's body height for age. The family income and foot outcome have no correlation with the growth of children's body weight for age and height for age. The result of Mann Whitney test finds the growth diffrence based on the children's sex in the growth of body weight for age for the second 5 months of the research, meanwhile there is no diffrence in the growth of body heiht. It is necessary to increase the activity of children growth monitoring to early detect a disorder in the children growth. Keyword: an education, economy status, the growth, children age 2-5 years old