Risk Factors relating to the incidence of Malaria at a Tin Mining Region in Central Bangka Regency of Bangka Belitung Province

Abstract

Indonesia is a tropical Country which is appropriate of the mosquito vector, particularly Anopheles, bath Java and Bali Islands where malaria is endemic. Malaria in Central Bangka Regency in 2007 was reported in the Annual Malaria Incidence (AMI) at 38,07 ‰. Especially in Koba (Sub-District) is still high, and is depicted from Annual Malaria Incidence (AMI) at 48,1 ‰. While Annual Parasite Incidence (API) was 30,52 ‰. Hence, Central Bangka Regency was still above the target level of the National Annual Malaria Incidence (AMI) which is < 30 ‰. An observational retrospective research by Case Control Study Design method was done to measure the risk factor of independent variable of indoor, out door and having an effect on dependent variable of malaria incidence. The case group was people with malaria while the control group was negative blood specimen owner. The number of patients and control groups were bath 76. Data was analyzed by using simple regression invariant, bivariate, and multivariate method. Anopheles collcting showed, that malaria vector was consisted of : Anopheles sundaicus, Anopheles letifer and Anopheles nigerrimus. The dominant species was Anopheles letifer because the population vector was more than the others. The analysis result of bivariate was demonstrated from sex risk factors related to malaria incidence. Six factors were analyzed by multivariate house wall-density (OR=2,357;95% CI=1,019 – 5,452), the gauze wiring on ventilation (OR = 5,063; 95% CI = 1,925 – 13,312), the existence of water pond (OR = 4,407; 95% CI=1,542-12,591), the brush wood existence(OR = 2,693; 95% CI = 1,466 – 5,985), the usage of mosquito potion (lubricated, roasted, or sprayed) (OR = 7,169; 95% CI = 2,912 – 17,650). While other risk factors such as (1) In door illumination ,(2) the existence stagnant pools of water, and (3) staying out of the house at night shown no significant relation.