MUTIATARI, Dhita Prasisca and Pribadi, Rudhi and Hadiyanto, Hadiyanto (2019) PREDIKSI PENGARUH ALIH FUNGSI LAHAN TERHADAP CADANGAN KARBON TERKANDUNG PADA HUTAN MANGROVE DI KOTA SEMARANG. Masters thesis, School of Postgraduate.
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Abstract
Di Kota Semarang, tantangan alih fungsi lahan mangrove cukup masif terjadi. Hal tersebut dikarenakan perilaku masyarakat dengan motif ekonomi membuka hutan mangrove menjadi kawasan pertambakan udang dan bandeng, kawasan indsutri, pergudangan dan permukiman. Selain itu, kepemilikan lahan di wilayah pesisir Kota Semarang juga sebagian besar telah dimiliki oleh pihak swasta (private sector) sehingga tantangan pengelolaan pesisir akan semakin berat ke depan. Padahal ekosistem mangrove sangat penting dalam pengurangan emisi karbon yang diproduksi oleh sektor lain karena kemampuanya menyerap karbon. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghitung potensi biomassa dan cadangan karbon terkandung atas permukaan dan di bawah permukaan serta menganalisis dinamika perubahan alih fungsi lahan pesisir terhadap perubahan emisi dan proyeksi cadangan karbon akibat aktivitas masyarakat dari alih fungsi lahan pesisir pada hutan mangrove di pesisir Kota Semarang. Lokasi penelitian berada di area tutupan mangrove yang terdapat pada 3 kecamatan pesisir di Kota Semarang, yakni Kecamatan Genuk, Kecamatan Semarang Barat, dan Kecamatan Tugu. Pengumpulan data terkait cadangan karbon di atas permukaaan menggunakan metode non-destructive sampling dengan model alometrik. Untuk mengukur cadangan karbon terkandung di bawah permukaan atau karbon tanah secara akurat, dibutuhkan 3 parameter yang harus diukur: (1) kedalaman tanah; (2) bulk density; dan 3) konsentrasi karbon organic tanah. Pemetaan lokasi untuk memproyeksikan penggunaan lahan dan cadangan karbon menggunakan citra Landsat-7 ETM tahun 1997, 2002, 2007, dan 2012 serta citra Landsat-8 tahun 2017 yang meliputi areal pesisir Kota Semarang. Pengolahan citra menggunakan paket program ER-Mapper. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa struktur hutan mangrove kategori tegakan tiang dan pohon di pesisir Kota Semarang pada umumnya didominasi oleh jenis Avicennia marina. Potensi jumlah biomassa di atas permukaan pada hutan mangrove Kota Semarang sebesar 357,47 Mg/ha. Secara keseluruhan total CAG pada hutan mangrove di Kota Semarang sebesar 166,61 MgC/ha. Total Csoil berdasarkan plot lokasi penelitian pada hutan mangrove di pesisir Kota Semarang, yakni 649,84 MgC/ha. Rentang total Csoil berkisar mulai dari terendah 25,91 MgC/ha hingga tertinggi 264,65 MgC/ha. Total karbon (C) pada hutan mangorove di Kota Semarang sebesar 260.751,28 MgC. Pada periode tahun 2002-2008 dengan laju emisi sebesar 2.052,81 Mg C per tahun (11,63% per tahun). Sementara itu, pada periode tahun 2008-2014 dan periode tahun 2014-2018 tidak terjadi pelepasan emisi karbon, tetapi hutan mangrove mampu mencegah emisi karbon berturut-turut sebesar 14.374,20 MgC per tahun (32,49% per tahun) dan 40.069,00 MgC per tahun (30,71% per tahun). Laju penyerapan karbon pada hutan mangrove di Kota Semarang dari tahun 2002 hingga tahun 2018 diketahui sebesar 8.098,38 MgC/tahun (26,99 MgC/ha/tahun). Kata kunci: stok karbon, emisi karbon, mangrove, semarang In the Semarang City, the challenge of changing the function of mangrove land cover is quite massive. That is because the people's behavior with economic motives to open mangrove forests into shrimp and milkfish ponds, industrial areas, warehousing and settlements. In addition, land ownership in the coastal area of Semarang City is also largely owned by the private sector so that the challenges of coastal management will be more severe going forward. In fact, Mangrove ecosystems are very important in reducing carbon emissions produced by other sectors because of their ability to absorb carbon. The purpose of this study is to calculate the potential of biomass and carbon stocks contained both above and below ground and to analyze the dynamics of changes in the conversion of coastal land to changes in emissions and projected carbon stocks due to community activities from the conversion of coastal land in mangrove forests in Semarang. The research location is in the area of mangrove cover which is located in 3 coastal districts in Semarang City, namely Genuk District, West Semarang District, and Tugu District. Collecting data related to carbon stocks above the surface using a non-destructive sampling method with an allometric model. To accurately measure the carbon stock contained below the surface or soil carbon, 3 parameters are needed to be measured: (1) soil depth; (2) bulk density; and 3) soil organic carbon concentration. Mapping locations to project land use and carbon stocks using Landsat-7 ETM imagery in 1997, 2002, 2007 and 2012 and Landsat-8 imagery of 2017 covering the coastal area of Semarang City. Image processing using the ER-Mapper program package. The results of this study indicate that the mangrove community structure of the pole and tree stand categories in the coastal city of Semarang is generally dominated by Avicennia marina types. The potential amount of aboveground biomass in the mangrove forests of Semarang City is 357.47 Mg / ha. Overall the total CAG in mangrove forests in Semarang City was 166.61 MgC / ha. Total Csoil is based on a research location plot in the mangrove community on the coast of Semarang City, which is 649.84 MgC / ha. The total range of Csoil ranges from as low as 25.91 MgC / ha to as high as 264.65 MgC / ha. The total carbon (C) in the mangorove forest in Semarang City is 260,751.28 MgC. In the period 2002-2008 with an emission rate of 2,052.81 Mg C per year (11.63% per yr). Meanwhile, in the period 2008-2014 and the period 2014-2018 there was no release of carbon emissions, but mangrove forests were able to prevent carbon emissions respectively of 14,374.20 MgC per year (32.49% per yr) and 40,069.00 MgC per year (30.71% per yr). the rate of carbon sequestration in mangrove forests in Semarang City from 2002 to 2018 is known to be 8098.38 MgC/yr (26.99 MgC/ha/yr). Keywords: carbon stock, carbon emissions, mangrove, semarang
Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | stok karbon, emisi karbon, mangrove, semarang |
Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering |
Divisions: | School of Postgraduate > Master Program in Environmental Science |
ID Code: | 82094 |
Deposited By: | INVALID USER |
Deposited On: | 22 Dec 2020 15:07 |
Last Modified: | 22 Dec 2020 15:07 |
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