STRATEGI PENGURANGAN EMISI GAS RUMAH KACA PADA BUDIDAYA PADI DI KABUPATEN BOYOLALI

Abstract

Sumber emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK) di Indonesia salah satunya berasal dari sektor pertanian. Pertanian menyumbangkan emisi GRK sekitar 14% pada skala global dan 7% pada skala nasional. Berdasarkan sumber emisi dari sektor pertanian, perilaku atau aktivitas petani diperlukan untuk mengetahui emisi yang dihasilkan. Lokasi penelitian ini berada di Kecamatan Sambi, Nogosari dan Andong, Kabupaten Boyolali. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perilaku petani pada budidaya padi, menganalisis emisi gas rumah kaca dari budidaya padi, serta menentukan strategi yang tepat untuk mengurangi emisi GRK. Kajian perilaku petani dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif, perhitungan emisi GRK menggunakan metode IPCC Guidelines 2006 Tier 1 dan 2, sementara strategi pengurangan emisi GRK ditentukan dengan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perilaku petani dalam budidaya padi menyumbang emisi GRK, antara lain pengairan, penambahan bahan organik, penggunaan varietas padi, pemupukan, pembakaran biomassa, serta penggunaan alat pertanian (traktor, pompa air, thresher). Total emisi GRK di Kecamatan Sambi, Nogosari dan Andong pada tahun 2018 masing-masing sebesar 66,70 Gg CO2e/tahun, 63,60 Gg CO2e/tahun, dan 39,59 Gg CO2e/tahun. Emisi paling tinggi dihasilkan oleh emisi metana (CH4) dari budidaya padi. Strategi pengurangan emisi GRK difokuskan pada parameter tingkat adopsi petani dalam budidaya padi dan strategi yang menjadi prioritas dalam pengurangan emisi GRK adalah strategi penggunaan varietas padi rendah emisi. Kata kunci: gas rumah kaca, budidaya padi, Boyolali One of emission sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) in Indonesia is from agriculture sector. Agriculture sector contributes GHG emission approximately 14% in global scale and 7% in national scale. Based on emission source from agriculture sector, farmers’ activities are necessary in order to know the emission produced. This research area in this study was located in Sambi, Nogosari and Andong District, Boyolali Regency. This study aimed to examine the activities of farmers during rice cultivation, to analyze GHG emission generated from rice cultivation, and to identify the right strategy to reduce GHG emission. The examination of the farmers’ activities was conducted descriptively and qualitatively. GHG emission was calculated using IPCC Guidelines 2006 Tier 1 and 2 method. Meanwhile, for the strategy in reducing GHG emission, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied. The results of the research show that farmers’ activities in rice cultivation contribute to GHG. The activities included irrigating, adding organic material, utilizing rice varieties, fertilizing, burning biomass, and using farming tools such as tractor, water pump, and thresher. The total of each GHG emission in Sambi, Nogosari, and Andong Districts in 2018 is 66.70 Gg CO2e/year, 63.60 Gg CO2e/year, and 39.59 Gg CO2e/year. Methane (CH4) from rice cultivation contributed the highest emission. Strategy of reducing GHG emission was focused on the parameters of farmers’ adoption level of rice cultivation and the priority strategy in reducing GHG emission was utilizing low-emission rice varieties. Keywords: greenhouse gas, rice cultivation, Boyolali