FENOMENA ALIH KODE TUTURAN MULTILINGUAL SANTRI PONDOK PESANTREN AL-ISLAM JORESAN PONOROGO

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pola tuturan multilingual santri dalam motivasi dan bentuk alih kode di lingkungan Pondok Pesantren Al-Islam Joresan Ponorogo. Penelitian ini berfokus pada penggunaan alih kode antara Bahasa Indonesia, Jawa, Arab dan Inggris. Informan penelitian merupakan informan pengamat anggota pengasuh pesantren dan informan pelaku santri yang dipilih secara khusus sejumlah 15 orang yang di amati secara mendalam. Peneliti menggunakan kerangka kerja Markedness Model dan Matrix Language Frame oleh Myers-Scotton (1993a, 1993b). peneliti menggunakan metode agih distribusional dibantu dengan teknik simak dan cakap. Hasil temuan analisis data menunjukkan bentuk tuturan alih kode multilingual santri terbagi ke dalam 3 jenis, yaitu (1) alih kode ekstrakalimat; (2) alih kode intrakalimat berupa bentuk kata, frasa dan klausa; dan (3) alih kode interkalimat. Temuan data menunjukkan bahwa jenis intrakalimat paling banyak digunakan oleh penutur. Jenis interkalimat dituturkan oleh empat santri secara konsisten. Struktur gramatika embedded language berupa intrakalimat dari verba pasif, end klitik, pinjaman, kata majemuk dan reduplikasi. Temuan motivasi penggunaan alih kode diantaranya (1) menyampaikan hal tergolong pilihan bermarkah; (2) motivasi kedudukan derajat, (3) motivasi rentang usia tergolong pilihan tak bermarkah; (4) motivasi menyambung pembicaraan tergolong eksplorasi; (5) motivasi penghormatan sesama santri, (6) motivasi penghormatan kepada pengasuh, dan (7) motivasi penghormatan kepada juru masak. This study aims to examine the santri multilingual speech patterns in the motivation and form of code-switching in the Joresan Ponorogo Al-Islam Islamic Boarding School. This research focuses on the use of code-switching between Indonesian, Javanese, Arabic, and English. The research informants were observers of members of the pesantren caregivers and informants of santri actors specially selected as many as 15 people who were observed in depth. The researcher uses the Markedness Model framework and Matrix Language Frame by Myers-Scotton (1993a, 1993b). researchers used the distributional distribution method assisted by a listening and competent technique. The findings of the data analysis show the form of speech switching of santri multilingual codes is divided into 3 types, namely (1) tag-switching; (2) intra-sentential switching in the form of words, phrases and clauses; and (3) inter-sentential switching. The data findings show that the type of intra-sentential is most widely used by speakers. This type of inter-sentential was spoken by four santri consistently. The grammatical structure of embedded language is in the form of intra-sentential from passive verbs, end clitics, loans, compound words, and reduplication. The findings of motivation for the use of code-switching include (1) conveying what is classified as marking choice; (2) degree position motivation, (3) age range motivation is not a marking choice; (4) motivation to connect the conversation is classified as exploration; (5) motivation for respecting fellow students, (6) motivation for respecting caregivers, and (7) motivation for respect for cooks.