HUBUNGAN PERILAKU DALAM APLIKASI PESTISIDA DENGAN AKTIVITAS KOLINESTERASE DALAM DARAH PETANI PENYEMPROT HORTIKULTURA DI KELURAHAN DUKUH SUKOHARJO 2004

Abstract

Pestisida adalah substansi kimia yang dapat mengendalikan hama dan dapat menyebabkan keracunan pada makhluk hidup khususnya manusia bila terpapar terus- menerus. Penggunaan pestisida sangat tinggi oleh petani. Pestisida golongan organofasfat dapat menghambat aktivitas enzim kolinesterase. Kolinesterase berfungsi menghidrolisis asetilkolin menjadi kolin dan asam asetat. Pestisida organofasfat bersifat toksik akut, meracuni pemakainya melalui mata, mulut, pernapasan dan kulit. Prevalensi keracunan pestisida di Kabupaten Sukoharjo 47,5%. Pemaparan pestisda dapat terjadi saat aplikasi pestisida. Faktor yang mempengaruhi pemaparan pestisida pengetahuan, sikap dan praktek aplikasi pestisida. Perilaku petani hortikultura di Kelurahan Dukuh masih kurang baik. Untuk mengetahui kadar racun di dalam tubuh dengan melakukan pemeriksaan aktivitas kolinesterase dalam darah merah dengan alat tintometer kit. Tujuan penelitian adalah melihat hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap tentang aplikasi pestisida dengan praktek aplikasi pestisida, melihat hubungan pengetahuan, sikap dan praktek aplikasi pestisida dengan aktivitas kolinesterase petani penyemprot hortikultura di Kelurahan Dukuh Sukoharjo 2004. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian eksplanatory dengan metode survei dan pendekatan cross sectional. Besar sampel 51 responden dimana sampel adalah populasi. Instrumen penelitian adalah kuesioner, tintometer kit, microtoise dan timbangan injak. Unruk melihat hubungan perilaku dengan aktivitas kolinesterase menggunakan uji statistik korelasi Pearson Product Moment. Hasil penelitian menunjukan ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan praktek (r = 0,370 dan p 0,008 < 0,05); ada hubungan sikap dengan praktek (r = 0,349 dan p 0,012 < 0,05); tidak ada hubungan dengan aktivitas kolinesterase (r = 0,183 dan p 0.198 > 0,05); ada hubungan sikap dengan aktivitas kolinesterase (r = 0,397 dan p 0,004 < 0,05) dan tidak ada hubungan praktek aplikasi pestisida dengan aktivitas kolinesterase (r = 0,111 dan p 0,348 >0,05). Hasil analisis Multivariat bahwa pengetahuan, sikap dan praktek mempunyai pengaruh sebesar 10,9% terhadap aktivitas kolinesterase dan petani yang mengalami keracunan 12 responden (23,5%). Diduga faktor usia dan anemia mempengaruhi hasil penelitian ini. Disarankan kepada masyarakat untuk meningkatkan perilaku aman dan sehat saat aplikasi pestisida. Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan, sikap, praktek, aktivitas kolinesterase CORRELATION BETWEEN PESTICIDE APPLICATION BEHAVIOR AND CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY IN HORTICULTURE SPRAYING FARMER'S BLOOD AT DUKUH VILLAGE, DISTRIC OF SUKOHARJO 2004 Pesticide is chemical substance which is used as pest control. It is continuosly exposure also causes intoxication to living creature, especially human being. The used of pesticide on farmers are very high. Organophospat pesticide inhibits the activity of cholinesterase enzyme which work to hydrolysis acethylcholine to choline and acetate acid. It is an acute toxin and poisons the user through eyes, mouth, respiratory tract and skin. Pesticide intoxication prevalence in Sukoharjo was 47,5%. Pesticide exposure are influenced by many factors such as pesticide application management including knowledge, attitude and practice of pesticide application. Horticulture spraying farmer's behavior is bad enough. Toxin degree in person are known by investigate cholinesterase activity in red blood cell by a device called tintometer kit. The purpose of this research was to know the correlation between knowledge and attitude of pesticide application practice of pesticide application; correlation between knowledge, attitude and practice of pesticide application with cholinesterase activity in horticulture spraying farmers at Dukuh village, distric of Sukoharjo 2004. This was an explanatory research with survey method and approah of cross sectional. Sample size was 51 respondens which was the population it self. The instruments used were questionair, tintometer kit, microtoise, and beambalance. Product moment correlation test was the statistic which was used to see the correlation between behavior with cholinesterase activity. The result showed that there is correlation between knowledge and practice (r = 0,370 dan p 0,008 < 0,05); there is correlation between attitude and practice (r = 0,349 dan p 0,012 < 0,05); there is no correlation between knowledge and cholinesterase avtivity (r = 0,183 dan p 0.198 > 0,05); there is correlatin between attitude and cholinesterase activity (r = 0,397 dan p 0,004 < 0,05) and there is no correlation between practice of pesticide application and cholinesterase activity (r = 0,111 dan p 0,348 >0,05). The multivariate analysis resulted that knowledge, attitude and practice have 10,9 % influenced cholinesterase activity. And 12 respondens (23,5%) were intoxication. People was suggested to increase the safety and healthy behavior on pesticide application. Keyword: knowledge, attitude, practice, cholinesterase activity.