Associated Factor and predictor of post stroke depression after 3 month onset : a literature review

Abstract

Background Post Stroke Depression (PSD) was the 20 % of unmet needs among the stroke survivor. The peak of depression range 3- 6 months after onset. Objective: To investigate the associated factor and predictor of post stroke depression after 3 months onset. Method: The Database search included EBSCO and Science direct. The search was limited to articles written 2005 and 2015. The subject is stroke survivor 3 months after onset. All articles were assessed for eligibility using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) evaluation method. Result: The articles are 344. The articles were elicited with the criteria inclusions. Fifteen articles related with criteria. Only ten articles eligible in the study. The 3 months of post stroke depression incidence was 27.3%. The prevalence range is 17.7 % - 47.4 %.. Associated factors of PSD were younger age, low perceived social support past history of depression, reduced cognitive speed and poorer verbal memory, Deep White Matter Hyperintensities (DWMH), micro bleeds, Hypertension, unfavorable outcomes at 3 months, left hemisphere lesion, plasma glutamate, Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (GOT) and Brain Derived Neurotrophin Factor (BDNF) at admission. The predictors of PSD at 3 months after onset are outcome and level of handicap at week 2nd after onset and Melancholy index of Hamilton Depression Rankin Scale (HDRS) after 10 days onset. Discussion: Associated and predictors of post stroke depression are various. Model of associated factor, risk factor and predictor of post stroke depression after 3 months onset were various in variables also. None of them discuss the coping and stress. Depression is the result of stress. Maladaptive coping caused depression. Conclusion: Associated and predictor of post stroke depression should be examined to detect post stroke depression. Meanwhile stress and coping as a process of depression, it needed to be investigated among stroke survivor after 3 months onset. Key words: Post Stroke Depression, 3 months after onset, Associated, Predictor