HUBUNGAN ASUPAN NATRIUM, KALIUM, KALSIUM DAN MAGNESIUM DENGAN TEKANAN DARAH SISTOLIK LANSIA WANITA (STUDI DI PANTI WREDHA PUCANG GADING, SEMARANG, TAHUN 2007)

Abstract

Berdasarkan penelitian MONICA di Jawa Tengah Tahun 1996, prevalensi hipertensi pada wanita sebesar 15,8%. Faktor dietetik yang meliputi asupan natrium, kalium, kalsium, magnesium, serat dan lemak dapat mempengaruhi tekanan darah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan natrium, kalium, kalsium dan magnesium dengan tekanan darah sistolik Lansia wanita. Penelitian ini merupakan panelitian penjelas dengan metode survei dan pendekatancross sectional. Sampel 52 orang adalah Lansia wanita yang tinggal dim Panti Wredha Pucang Gading, Semarang yang dipilih secara purposif menggunakan kriterian inklusi dan eksklusi. Pengumpulan data asupan natrium, kalium, kalsium dan magnesium dengan metode penimbangan selama 2 hari yang berbeda. Tekanan darah sistolik diukur dengan menggunakan sphygmomanometer pada pagi hari sekitar pukul 09.00 WIB. Analisi data dilakukan dengan uji korelasi bivariat dan regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semua Lansia mempunyai asupan natrium cukup (1300-2300 mg)dengan rerata 2008,2 +19,2 mg, asupan kalium kurang(<4700 mg)dengan rerata 999,6+424,9, asupan kalsium kurang(800 mg) dengan rerata 220,4+71,0 mg, asupan magnesium kurang (<300 mg)dengan rerata 198,8= 35,9 mg. Kejadian hipertensi sebanyak 20,4 %. Ada hubungan asupan natrium(r=0,327, p=0,022), kalium (r=0,288, p= 0,045), lemak(r=0,298, p= 0,037)dan serat (r=0,296, p=0,039)dengan tekanan darah sistolik. Tidak ada hubungan asupan kalsium (r=233, p=0,108)dan magnesium (r= 0,225, p=0,119)dengan tekanan darah sistolik. Ada pengaruh asupan natrium (B=0,36, p= 0,022)dengan tekanan darah sistolik setalah dikendalikan dengan asupan lemak. Tidak ada pengaruh asupan kalium(B=0,002, p=787) terhadap tekanan darah sistolik setelah dikendalikandengan asupan lemak. Tidak adanya pengaruh kalium, kalsiumdan magnesium rtehadap tekanan darah sistolikdapat disebabkan karena terlalu rendahnya konmsumsi makanan. Oleh karena itu sebaiknya disediakan makanan yang kaya akan mineral.Based on MONICA research in Kata Kunci: natrium, kalium, kalsium, magnesiu, tekanan darah sistolik dan Lansia wanita THE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN INTAKE OF SODIUM, POTASSIUM, CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM AND SYSTOLE BLOOD PERSSURE ON ELDERLY WOMEN (A CASE STUDY IN PUCANG GADING NURSING HOME SEMARANG, IN 2007) Central Java in 1996, tehe prevalence of hypertension among women was 15,8%. Blood pressure is influenced by dietetic factors, such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, fiber and fat intake. the aim of this study was to invesstigate the assocations between intake of sodium, potassium, calcium, maagnesium and systolic blood pressure on elderly women. The reseaarch was an explanatory study with survey method and cross sectional approach. Fifty-two subjects were selected purposively using inclusion and exclusion criteria amongelderly women who lived in Pucang Gading Nursing Home Semarang. data on mineralintake were collected by foood weighing method for two days. Data on systolic blood pressurewas obtained by examination using sphygmomanometer at about 09.00 AM. Data was analyzed by bivariate correlation test and multipe linear regression. The result of this researchshowed that all of elderly women haave adequate intake of sodium(1300-2300 mg) with the average of 2008,2+19,2 mg, had low intake of potassium(<4700 mg) with the average of 999,6+424,9, had low intake of calcium(<800 mg)with the average intake of 220,4+ 71,0 mg and had low intake of magnesium (<300 mg> with the average intake of 198,8+ 35,9 mg. The accidence of hypertension was 20,4%. There were associatons between sodium(r=0,327, p= 0,022), potassium (r=0,288, p=0,045), fat(r=0,298, p= 0,037)and fiber (r= 0,296, p= 0,039) intake and systolic blood pressure. There was no assocation between calcium(r=0,233, p=0,108) and magnesium(r= 0,225, p= 0,119)intake and systolic blood pressure. The influence of sodium intake on systolic blood peressure was still significant after adjusment by fat intake on systolic blood pressure (B= 0,36, p= 0,022). The influence of potassium intake on systolic blood pressure was not significant aafter adjusment by fat intake (B= 0,002, p=0, 787. The absence of the influence of potassium, calcium, and magnesium on systolic blood pressure of these elderly women may caused by very low consumption of food. Therefore the food intaake which is rich in these minerals should be provided. Keyword : sodium, potassium, calcium, maagnesium, systole blood pressure and womwn elderly.