BEBERAPA FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN CAMPAK ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DASAR PADA PERISTIWA KLB DI KABUPATEN PESAWARAN PROVINSI LAMPUNG

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Campak merupakan penyakit menular, masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Tahun 2017 cakupan BIAS campak Kabupaten Pesawaran 98,8%, meskipun cakupan cukup baik, namun kasus campak pada anak usia sekolah dasar masih sering terjadi, hingga terjadi peristiwa KLB. Hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor anak, faktor ibu dan faktor lingkungan. Tujuan: Meneliti pengaruh faktor anak, ibu dan lingkungan terhadap kejadian campak anak usia sekolah dasar pada peristiwa KLB campak di Kabupaten Pesawaran. Metode: Penelitian mix methods, desain studi kasus kontrol didukung wawancara mendalam. Jumlah responden 81 responden, terdiri 27 kasus dan 54 kontrol diambil secara purposive sampling. Variabel dependen adalah kejadian campak anak usia sekolah dasar pada peristiwa KLB. Variabel independen meliputi faktor anak, ibu dan lingkungan. Analisis secara bivariat dan multivariat. Hasil: Variabel yang terbukti berpengaruh terhadap kejadian campak di Kabupaten Pesawaran, yaitu : riwayat imunisasi campak/BIAS (p = 0,004 OR = 13,716, 95%CI = 2,286-82,301), riwayat kontak dengan penderita campak (p = 0,024 OR = 4,141, 95%CI = 1,208-14,201), kepadatan hunian (p = 0,036 OR = 3,971, 95%CI = 1,092-14,443), dan ventilasi rumah (p = 0,036 OR = 3,591, 95%CI = 1,089-11,843). Hasil wawancara mendalam menguatkan hasil analisis kuantitatif bahwa masih terdapat tokoh agama tidak mendukung imunisasi. Simpulan: Beberapa faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian campak anak usia sekolah dasar pada peristiwa KLB adalah riwayat imunisasi campak/BIAS, riwayat kontak dengan penderita campak, kepadatan hunian, dan ventilasi rumah dikuatkan dukungan tokoh agama tehadap imunisasi. Kata kunci : campak, KLB, imunisasi BIAS, dukungan tokoh agama Background: Measles is an contagious disease, still a health problem in Indonesia. In 2017 the measles BIAS immunization coverage in Pesawaran District was 98.8%, although coverage was quite good, but measles cases in primary school-aged children were still common, until the outbreak occured. This can be caused by various child factors, maternal factors and environmental factors. Purpose: To examine the effect of child, maternal and environment factors on the incidence of measles in primary school-aged children in measles outbreaks event in Pesawaran District. Methods: Mix methods research with case control study design supported by in-depth interviews. The participants were 81 volunteer, consist of 27 cases and 54 controls taken by purposive sampling. Dependent variable was incidence of measles in primary school age children in the outbreak event. Independent variables were child, maternal and environment factors. Bivariate and multivariate analysis. Result: Variables that had been proven to affect incidence of measles in Pesawaran District, were history of measles immunization (p= 0,004 OR = 13,716, 95%CI = 2,286-82,301), contact history with measles case (p=0,024 OR = 4,141, 95%CI = 1,208-14,201), occupancy density (p= 0,036 OR = 3,971, 95%CI = 1,092-14,443), and home ventilation (p= 0,036 OR = 3,591, 95%CI = 1,089-11,843). The resuts of the in-depth interviews supoorted the results of quantitative analysis that there was still a clash of religious leaders who did not support immunization. Conclusion: Factor that had been proven to incidence of measles in primary school age children in outbreaks were history of measles Immunization/BIAS, history of contact with measles case, occupancy density, and home ventilation strengthened by the support of religious leaders towards immunization. Keywords : measles, outbreaks, BIAS immunization, support of religious leaders