KAJIAN DAMPAK PERUBAHAN IKLIM YANG DIRASAKAN NELAYAN TERHADAP PRAKTIK KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA (STUDI KASUS PADA NELAYAN DI KOTA SEMARANG)

Abstract

Perubahan iklim telah menjadi isu utama bagi dunia internasional. Perubahan terhadap parameter-parameter iklim seperti suhu, curah hujan, kelembaban udara, dan unsur iklim lainnya telah menyumbang berbagai persoalan lingkungan hidup yang berimplikasi terhadap kehidupan sosial, ekonomi, budaya, serta masalah kesehatan manusia. Selain pengaruh terhadap epidemiologi penyakit, perubahan iklim juga berdampak pada Keselamatan dan Kesehatan kerja. Potensi bahaya perubahan iklim banyak berdampak pada pekerja sektor informal, sehingga perlu metode kerja yang aman sebagai bagian dari adaptasi perubahan iklim. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keluhan subyektif yang dirasakan nelayan akibat perubahan iklim, serta menganalisis hubungan Perceived risiko perubahan iklim yang dirasakan Nelayan terhadap Praktik keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja, melalui pendekatan teori health belief model. Penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional ini, menyimpulkan bahwa 56 % nelayan tergolong kurang aman dalam bekerja, Selain itu terdapat 95% Nelayan merasa mengalami kelelahan kerja dan stress kerja akibat fenomena Perubahan Iklim. Studi juga menunjukan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara variable Perceived Perubahan Iklim dan Praktik Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja, Hasil uji statistik masing-masing variable Perceived adalah sebagai berikut : Perceived kerentanan (P=0,0000, PR=6,474), Perceived Keseriusan (P=0,0000, PR=11,667), Perceived Manfaat K3 (P=0,0000 dan OR=13,368), Perceived Hambatan (P=0,0000 dan OR=4,148), serta Perceived Isyarat Untuk Bertindak yang merupakan faktor paling dominan dalam Praktik K3 (P=0,0000, OR=16,265), Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa konsep Health Belief Model bermanfaat untuk mengetahui faktor pendorong Praktik kesehatan, serta dapat memandu perancangan dan implementasi intervensi promosi Praktik adaptif keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja dalam menghadapi potensi bahaya perubahan iklim. Kata Kunci : Perubahan Iklim, Praktik, Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Climate change has become a major issue in the international community. The changes to climate parameters such as temperature, rainfall, air humidity and other climatic elements have contributed to environmental issues that impact on social, economic, cultural life, and also human health problems. Climate change influences the disease epidemiology and impact on occupational safety and health. The climate change potential hazards has impact on informal sector workers, so they need getting used to safe working practices in a work as part of climate change adaptation. The purpose of this research was to discover the correlation between perceived of climate change risk and safety and health behavior with health belief model theory approach. Quantitative research method of cross-sectional approach has been done to discover the behavior of safety and health of fishermen, result of the research showed 56% fisherman still classified less safe in a work, In addition there are 95% of Fishermen feel experiencing work fatigue and work stress due to the phenomenon of Climate Change The results of the study also resulted in a significant relationship between the variables of persistence and Occupational Safety and Health Behavior, The results of each perceptual variable as follows: Perceived susceptibility (P = 0,0000, PR = 6,474), Perceived Severity (P = 0,0000, PR=11,667), Perceived benefit (P = 0,0000 and OR = 13,368), Perceived barriers (P = 0,0000 and OR = 41,148), and Cues to Action which is the most dominant factor in OHS behavior (P = 0 , 0000, OR = 16,265). The conclusions from this study were the Health Belief Model can be useful to discover the driving factors of the health behavior, and it can guide the design and implementation of interventions to promote adaptive behavior of occupational safety and health in facing the potential danger of climate change. Keywords: Climate Change, Behavior, Occupational Health and Safety