BERBAGAI FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP KUALITAS HIDUP PENYELAM TRADISIONAL PENDERITA PENYAKIT DEKOMPRESI

Abstract

Latar Belakang : Penyakit dekompresi merupakan salah satu penyakit akibat penyelaman yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas hidup, tetapi belum diketahui berbagai faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kualitas hidup penyelam tradisional penderita penyakit dekompresi. Tujuan : Menjelaskan pengaruh berbagai faktor host dan environment terhadap kualitas hidup penyelam tradisional penderita penyakit dekompresi. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian mix methode desain studi kasus kontrol yang diperkuat dengan FGD. Jumlah responden sebanyak 66 responden, terdiri 33 kasus dan 33 kontrol. Variabel dependen penelitian adalah kualitas hidup penyelam tradisional penderita penyakit dekompresi. Variabel independen meliputi faktor host dan environment. Analisis secara bivariat dan multivariat. Hasil : Variabel yang terbukti berpengaruh terhadap kejadian kualitas hidup buruk adalah ada riwayat penyakit komorbid hipertensi (p = 0,010; OR = 65,476; 95% CI = 2,735 – 1.568), kedalaman menyelam ≥ 30 meter (p = 0,014; OR = 38,410; 95% CI = 2,114 – 698,028), ada riwayat hilang kesadaran selama menyelam (p = 0,009; OR = 12,456, 95% CI = 1,884 – 82,363), lama menyelam ≥ 2 jam (p = 0,021; OR = 9,860; 95% CI = 1,410 – 68,943), menderita anemia (p = 0,024; OR = 8,837; 95% CI = 1,332 – 58,632), frekuensi riwayat penyakit dekompresi > 1 kali (p = 0,020; OR = 8,834; 95% CI = 1,404 – 55,584). Variabel yang tidak terbukti adalah usia > 40 tahun, obesitas, kebiasaan merokok, kebiasaan konsumsi alkohol, ada penyakit komorbid (diabetes mellitus, jantung, sesak nafas), menyelam berulang dalam hari yang sama. Hasil FGD memberikan dukungan terhadap hasil penelitian kuantitatif bahwa responden mengeluh pusing, nyeri tubuh, lemah, lesu, yang mempengaruhi aktivitas secara fisik dan mental. Simpulan : Berbagai faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian kualitas hidup buruk penyelam tradisional penderita penyakit dekompresi adalah ada riwayat penyakit komorbid hipertensi, kedalaman menyelam ≥ 30 meter, ada riwayat hilang kesadaran selama menyelam, lama menyelam ≥ 2 jam, menderita anemia, frekuensi riwayat penyakit dekompresi > 1 kali. Kata Kunci : kualitas hidup, penyakit dekompresi, HRQL, SF-36. Background : Decompression sickness is thought to have effect on health related quality of life (HRQL), however, not yet known factors that affect quality of life on traditional divers with decompression sickness. Purpose : To explain the effect of host and environment factors on traditional diver’s quality of live with decompression sickness. Methods : This research was a mix methode research with case-control study design which strengthened by FGD. The participants were 66 volunteer, consist of 33 cases dan 33 controls. Dependent variable was quality of life on traditional divers with decompression sickness. Independent variables were host and environment factors. The data obtained from the study were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate analysis. Result : Variables that had been proven to affect poor quality of life were history of hypertension comorbid (p = 0.010; OR = 65.476; 95% CI = 2.735 – 1,568), diving depth ≥ 30 meters (p = 0.014; OR = 38.410; 95% CI = 2.114 – 698.028), history of loss of consciousness during diving (p = 0.009; OR = 12.456, 95% CI = 1.884 – 82.363), diving duration ≥ 2 hours (p = 0.021; OR = 9.860; 95% CI = 1.410 – 68.943), suffering from anemia (p = 0.024; OR = 8.837; 95% CI = 1.332 – 58.632), frequency of decompression sickness history > 1 time (p = 0.020; OR = 8.834; 95% CI = 1.404 – 55.584). Variables that unproven to affect poor quality of life were age > 40 years, obesity, smoking habit, alcohol consumption habit, repeated dives on the same day, comorbid disease (diabetes mellitus, heart, shortness of breath). The FGD results supported for the results of quantitative research that participants complained dizzy, pain, weak, lethargy, that affect daily activities physically and mentally. Conclusion : Factors that had been proven to affect poor quality of life on traditional diver with decompression sickness were history of hypertension comorbid, diving depth ≥ 30 meters, history of loss of consciousness during diving, diving duration ≥ 2 hours, suffering from anemia, frequency of previous decompression sickness > 1 time. Keywords : quality of life, decompression sickness, HRQL, SF-36.