BERBAGAI FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP KETIDAKPATUHAN MINUM OBAT PENCEGAHAN FILARIASIS DI KOTA PEKALONGAN

Abstract

Latar Belakang : Kepatuhan minum obat filariasis sangat mempengaruhi besarnya cakupan pengobatan massal. Kepatuhan minum obat pada Pemberian Obat Massal Pencegahan (POMP) yang masih dibawah target di Kota Pekalongan disebabkan oleh banyak faktor yaitu perilaku dan lingkungan. Sehingga perlu dilakukan analisis lebih lanjut tentang variabel perilaku dan lingkungan agar cakupan Pemberian Obat Massal Pencegahan (POMP) di Kota Pekalongan dapat memenuhi target. Tujuan : Membuktikan faktor perilaku dan lingkungan berpengaruh terhadap ketidakpatuhan minum obat pencegahan filariasis. Metode : Pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif (mix method) dengan rancangan penelitian sequential explanatory design. Pada pendekatan kuantitatif, case control sebagai desain penelitian dan pada pendekatan kualitatif dilakukan indepth interview. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah penduduk berusia 15-65 tahun di dua kelurahan endemis yaitu kelurahan kuripan kertoharjo dan kelurahan jenggot. Sampel dalam penelitian ini 80 kasus dan 80 kontrol dengan teknik cluster random sampling. Data kuantitatif dianalisis dengan chi-square dan regresi logistik sedangkan data kualitatif dianalisis dengan analisis content. Hasil : Variabel yang terbukti berpengaruh yaitu sikap kurang setuju (OR= 3,451) 95%CI=1,157-10,294, persepsi kerentanan negatif (OR=4,093) 95%CI=1,356-12,350, self efficacy negatif (OR=30,298) 95%CI=8,986-102,156. Variabel yang tidak terbukti berpengaruh yaitu tingkat pengetahuan kurang baik, persepsi keseriusan negatif, persepsi manfaat negatif, persepsi hambatan positif, isyarat bertindak internal negatif, isyarat bertindak eksternal negatif, kurangnya dukungan keluarga, kurangnya dukungan petugas kesehatan, peran kader TPE yang kurang mendukung, dan jenis sosialisasi. Simpulan : Faktor perilaku yang terbukti berpengaruh terhadap ketidakpatuhan minum obat pencegahan filariasis yaitu sikap kurang setuju , persepsi kerentanan negatif , dan self efficacy negatif. Kata Kunci : Filariasis, Ketidakpatuhan, Minum Obat, Mix Method Background: Compliance with taking filariasis medicine greatly influences the extent of mass treatment. Compliance with taking medication in the provision of Mass Drug Administration of prevention (POMP) which is still below the target in Pekalongan City were caused by many factors namely behavior and environment. So that it is necessary to do further analysis on behavioral and environmental variables so that the coverage of the provision of preventive mass drugs administration (POMP) in Pekalongan City can meet the target.. Objective: To prove the behavioral and environmental factors influence the noncompliance with taking preventive drugs for filariasis. Method : Quantitative and qualitative approaches (mix method) with a sequential explanatory design study design. In the quantitative approach, case control as a research design and in a qualitative approach conducted indepth interviews. The population in this study were residents aged 15-65 years in two endemic urban villages, namely kuripan kertoharjo and jenggot villages. The sample in this study were 80 cases and 80 controls with cluster random sampling technique. Quantitative data were analyzed by chi-square and logistic regression while qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis. Results: Variables that proved influential were disagreement (OR = 3.451) 95% CI = 1,157-10,294, perception of negative vulnerability (OR = 4,093) 95% CI = 1,356-12,350, negative self efficacy (OR = 30,298) 95% CI = 8,986-102,156. Variables that did not prove influential were the level of poor knowledge, the perception of negative seriousness, the perception of negative benefits, the perception of positive barriers, negative acting signals, negative external acting signals, lack of family support, lack of support from health workers, the role of TPE cadres who were less supportive, and type of socialization. Conclusion: Behavior factors that are proven to have an effect on noncompliance with filariasis prevention drugs are disagreeable attitudes, negative vulnerability perceptions, and negative self efficacy. Keywords: Filariasis, Noncompliance, Medication, Mix Method