PERUBAHAN KARAKTER TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.) AKIBAT ALELOPATI DAN PERSAINGAN TEKI (Cyperus rotundus L.) [The Changing of Corn (Zea mays L.) Character Caused by Allelopathy and Competetion with Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.)]

Abstract

ABSTRAK Penelitian bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh alelopati dan atau persaingan gulma teki pada perkecambahan, luas dan kandungan klorofil daun, aktivitas enzim nitrat reduktase dan serapan nitrogen, laju fotosintesis dan produksi bahan kering hijauan jagung. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium Ilmu Tanaman Makanan Ternak, Jurusan Nutrisi dan Makanan ternak, Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Diponegoro.Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 5 ulangan . Perlakuan terdiri dari : kontrol, tanpa alelopati (A1), alelopati lindihan ubi teki (A2), alelopati larutan ubi teki (A3), alelopati dan persaingan dengan teki yang dikendalikan (A4) dan alelopati dan persaingan dengan teki yang tidak dikendalikan (A5). Parameter yang diamati adalah prosentase dan kemunculan kecambah, luas dan kandungan klorofil daun, aktivitas nitrat reduktase dan serapan nitrogen, fotosintesis, laju pertumbuhan dan produksi bahan kering hijauan jagung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alelopati dan atau persaingan gulma teki menurunkan prosentase perkecambahan, menghambat waktu kemunculan benih, menurunkan jumlah, luas dan kandungan klorofil daun, fotosintesis, laju pertumbuhan relatif dan produksi bahan kering hijauan jagung. Pengaruh persaingan dan alelopati lebih besar dibanding alelopati. Pengaruh alelopati larutan ubi teki lebih besar dibanding lindihan ubi teki. Pengendalian gulma menurunkan pengaruh alelopati dan persaingan. Kata kunci : alelopati, teki, perkecambahan, nitrat reduktase, fotosintesis, produksi hijauan ABSTRACT The experiment was study allelopathy and competition of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) on seed germination, leaf area and content of leaf chlorophyl, nitrate reductase enzyme activity (NRA) and nitrogen absorbtion, photosyntethic rate, relative growth rate (RGR) and dry matter (DM) forage production of corn.The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse of Forage Crops Science Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Agriculture, Diponegoro University. The experiment was arranged on completely randomized design with 5 replications. The treatments consist of : control/untreated (A1), tubers leach allelopthy of purple nutsedge (A2), tubers extract allelopathy of purple nutsedge (A3), allelopathy and competition of purple nutsedge without weed control (A4), and allelopathy and competition of purple nutsedge and weed control (A5). The experimrnt showed that allelopathy and competition reduced germination percentage, seedling, number of leaf, leaf area, content of chlorophyll, decreased NRA, nitrogen absorbtion, photosynthesis rate, RGR, and forage dry matter of corn. The allelopathy and competition purple nutsedge effects was highest on allelopathy. Tuber leach allelopathy of purple nutsedge was the highest tuber extract. The control of purple nutsedge weed was reduced effects of allelopathy and competitions. Keywords : allelopathy, purple nutsedge, germination, nitrate reductase, photosynthesis, forage production