Analisis Kebijakan Penyelamatan Seribu Hari Pertama Kehidupan (1000 HPK) dan Penurunan Stunting Di Kota Semarang.

Abstract

Universitas Dipenogoro Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat Konsentrasi Administrasi dan Kebijakan Kesehatan 2018 ABSTRAK Agus Samsudrajat S Analisis Kebijakan Penyelamatan Seribu Hari Pertama Kehidupan (1000 HPK) dan Penurunan Stunting Di Kota Semarang. xv + 62 halaman + 3 Tabel + 5 Gambar + 7 Lampiran Masalah gizi stunting menjadi kategori kronis jika prevalensinya mencapai 20% atau lebih. Hasil Pemantauan Status Gizi (PSG) tahun 2017, stunting Kota Semarang 21%, sedangkan tahun 2016 hanya 16,5%. Kebijakan Perpres 42/2013 tentang gerakan nasional percepatan perbaikan gizi mengajak fokus pada penyelamatan seribu hari pertama kehidupan (1000 HPK) untuk stunting. Ditahun 2015 Kota Semarang memilih mengeluarkan kebijakan Keselamatan Ibu dan Anak (KIA). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kebijakan penyelamatan 1000 HPK dan penurunan stunting di Kota Semarang. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional dengan rancangan kualitatif secara deskriptif melalui wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Informan utama ada tujuh dari tujuh instansi pemerintah tingkat kota. Informan triangulasi ada lima dari lima instansi tingkat kota dan kecamatan. Analisis penelitian menggunakan analisis segitiga kebijakan yaitu content, context dan process. Konten perda KIA belum fokus pada upaya 1000 HPK dan stunting. Konten Perda KIA lebih fokus dan dominan mengatur upaya intervensi spesifik terkait pelayanan kesehatan. Sedangkan sektor non kesehatan untuk intervensi sensitif belum banyak diatur dan masuk ke perda. Justru upaya penyelamatan 1000 HPK dan stunting ditemukan pernah dibahas dalam kajian Rencana Aksi Daerah (RAD), tetapi tidak tuntas. Secara konteks politik, ekonomi dan sosial budaya, perda KIA belum fokus, tidak berhubungan langsung, dan belum melibatkan semua intervensi untuk tujuan penyelamatan 1000 HPK dan stunting. Secara proses baik formulasi hingga evaluasi perda KIA belum melibatkan semua lintas sektor, memasukan dan mengevaluasi intervensi sensitif dan spesifik non kesehatan yang bermuara pada 1000 HPK dan stunting. Kebijakan 1000 HPK dan penurunan stunting sudah diarahkan kepada kajian RAD, tetapi belum ada koordinasi lintas sektor dan berhenti di bagian ekonomi Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah Kota Semarang. Kata Kunci : Kebijakan, Seribu HPK, Stunting Kepustakaan : 52 (1994-2018) Diponegoro University Faculty of Public Health Master’s Study Program in Public Health Majoring in Administration and Health Policy 2018 ABSTRACT Agus Samsudrajat S Policy Analysis of Saving the First 1,000 Days of Life and Decreasing Stunting in Semarang City xv + 62 pages + 3 tables + 3 figures + 7 appendices A problem of nutritional stunting is categorized as chronic if its prevalence reaches 20% or more. The results of Monitoring Nutritional Status in 2017, a prevalence of stunting in Semarang City was 21% higher than that of in 2016 (16.5%). A Regulation of the President No. 42/2013 concerning National Movement of speeding-up nutritional improvement focuses on saving the first 1,000 days of life for stunting. In 2015, Semarang City issued a policy of saving maternal and child health. The aim of this study was to analyse the policy of saving the first 1,000 days of life and decreasing stunting in Semarang City. This was an observational study using a qualitative design with a descriptive methods by conducting indepth interview and observation. Main informants consisted of seven persons working at seven government institutions. Informants for triangulation purposes were five persons from institutions at the levels of city and sub districts. Research analysis used the policy triangle namely content, context, and process. The content of the local regulation of Maternal and Child Health (MCH) had not focussed on the effort of saving the first 1,000 days of life and stunting. It just focussed on regulating the effort of specific interventions related to health service. In contrast, the sector of non-health for sensitive interventions had not been regulated and included in the local regulation. The effort of saving the first 1,000 days of life and stunting were ever discussed in a study of Regional Action Plan (RAP) but it was not accomplished. In the contexts of politics, economics, social, and culture, the local regulation of MCH had not focussed, did not directly relate, and had not involved all interventions to save the first 1,000 days of life and stunting. Viewed from the process aspect, formulation and evaluation of the local regulation of MCH had not involved all inter-sectors and had not included and evaluated sensitive and specific interventions of non-health for saving the first 1,000 days of life and stunting. The policy of saving the first 1,000 days of life and decreasing stunting had been pointed to the study of RAP. Notwithstanding, there was no coordination of inter-sectors and just stopped in economic department of Development Planning Agency at Sub-National Level of Semarang City. Keywords : Policy, The First 1,000 Days Of Life, Stunting Bibliography: 52 (1994-2018)