Phylogenetic Analysis of Duck Species from Tegal Indonesia Using 18S Ribosomal RNA and Mitochondrial COI Gene

Abstract

Background and Objective: Tegal duck is a domestic waterfowl species known as a major producer of eggs that is traditionally used for making the famous salted egg by the local people. This study aimed to analyze the phylogenetic relationship of the Tegal duck through the gene encoding 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI). Methodology: We amplified and sequenced part of the 18S rRNA and COI gene of Tegal duck. These data were used to determine their similarity with other Anas species retrieved from GenBank and analyzing phylogenetic relationship. Results: The size of the PCR product of partial 18S rRNA was approximately 485 bp, whereas the size of the partial mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the COI gene sequence was 751 bp. The 18S rRNA data showed that the Tegal duck is closely related to A. platyrhynchos (84.4% similarity). The COI gene data of the Tegal duck confirmed this relationship, with 99% homology with A. platyrhynchos voucher NHMO-BC399. However, the COI gene fragment of the Tegal duck also showed 99% homology with A. poecilorhyncha. Conclusion: Tegal duck has a close phylogenetic relationship with not only A. platyrhynchos but also A. poecilorhyncha.