Peranan Nutrisi dan Teknik Pemberian Pakan dalam Peningkatan Produksi Akuakultur yang Berkelanjutan

Abstract

All aquaculture production under an intensive system depends on a controlled management of feeding practices which should provide for the essential nutrients and energy in the most acceptable form and manner. It is clearly agreed that global aquaculture production will continue to increase, and much of this will occur in the developing countries of Asia and Africa, through the expansion of semi-intensive, small-scale pond aquaculture. Aquaculture has a major role in ensuring nutritional security of humans. Nutrition and feeding play a central and essential role in the sustained development of aquaculture and, therefore, fertilizers and feed resources continue to dominate aquaculture needs. This paper reviews a number of specific issues in the fields of aquatic animal nutrition and feeding which are critical for sustainable aquaculture production in both industrialized and developing countries, e.g.: the importance of nutrition and feeding on productivity, environmental and product quality and food safety; the functional role of nutrition in ensuring complete domestication including reproductive success and larval development; and feed technology and management of feeding practices. In conclusion, more pay attention should be addressed to aquaculturists in order to have carefully in assessing the impact of nutrient loading in the aquatic environment and use both science and judgment for reducing such impacts. Furthermore, a careful balance between environment, health/disease resistance and feed use should be maintained, so that the system does not deteriorate and negatively impact market value and consumer confidence. Recommendations for improvement of nutrition and feeding protocols in support of sustainable aquaculture development are also made.