BIOREMEDIASI PESTISIDA GOLONGAN ORGANOPHOSPHAT (MALATHION DAN PROFENOFOS) OLEH BAKTERI INDIGENOUS TERSELEKSI DARI PERAIRAN RAWA PENING. KABUPATEN SEMARANG

Abstract

Rawa Pening merupakan suatu sistem ekologis perairan air tawar berbentuk danau yang di dalamnya terjadi suatu hubungan interaksi antara faktor biotik, abiotik dan dekomposer yang membentuk suatu keseimbangan. Hadirnya pestisida pada perairan Rawa Pening dapat menyebabkan terganggunya keseimbangan ekologi yang menyebabkan terjadinya pencemaran dan jika berlangsung dalam jangka waktu lama dapat menyebabkan bioakumulasi pada ekosistem Rawa Pening. Bioremediasi Pestisida Organophosphat (Profenofos dan Malathion) dengan memanfaatkan bakteri Indigenous dari Rawa Pening adalah suatu upaya mengembalikan kesimbangan ekologis parairan akibat pencemaran Profenofos dan Malathion. Pada Proses Bioremediasi diperlukan bakteri terpilih, terseleksi oleh karena itu diperlukan proses skrining yang meliputi langkah isolasi, seleksi dan identifikasi. Proses Skrining dilakukan secara kualitatif dan kuatitatif dengan metode eksperimental di laboratorium. 1. Uji kualititatif dilakukan dengan mengamati perubahan warna pada substrat Malathion dan Profenofos dengan Bromtymol Blue sebagai indikator perubahan warna. 2. Uji kuantitatif dengan metode Spektofotmetry dan Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrofotometry (GC-MS). 3. Berdasarkan seleksi bakteri melalui uji kualitatif dan kuantitatif adalah tiga bakteri terbaik dengan kode RPL-5, TRA-5 dan RPL-1. Bakteri dengan kode TRA-5 memiliki kemampuan degradasi terbaik pada substrat Profenofos dan bakteri dengan kode RPL-5 memilki kemampuan degrdasi terbaik pada susbtrat Malathion. Bakteri terbaik selanjutnya di uji sinergisitasnya untuk mendapatkan bakteri konsorsium terbaik yang akan digunakan dalam uji degradasi pada skala aplikasi terbatas pada air dan sedimen Rawa Pening pada konsetrasi maksimum, sebagai berikut : a) Bakteri konsorsium RPL-1 dan RPL-5 memilki kemampuan degradasi terbaik pada air Rawa Pening dengan konsentrasi Malathion b) Bakteri konsorsium RPL-5 dan TRA-5 memiliki kemampuan degradasi terbaik pada air Rawa Pening dengan konsentrasi Profenofos. Lake Rawa Pening is an ecological system which happens to a relationship the interaction between biotic factors, abiotic factors and microbial organisms, which establish a balance in it. The presence of pesticides in Rawa Pening waters led to disruption of ecological balance causing the occurrence of pollution and if it takes place in a prolonged period of time can lead to bio-accumulation at ecosystem Rawa Pening Bioremediation of pesticide Organophosphat (Profenofos and Malathion) and utilize Indigenous bacteria from Rawa Pening is an effort to restore the ecologica balance of the water due to leaching of Profenofos and Malathion. In the process of Bioremediation bacteria required elected and selected therefore required a screening process involves the isolation, identification and genetic information to get the bacteria have the ability best degradation. Screening is done by qualitative and quantitative experimental method in the laboratory. 1) Qualitative Test is done by observing the color change with Bromtymol Blue as an indicator changes color on solid zobell media enriched with Malathion and Profenofos.). 2) Quantitative tests done by the method of Gas Chromatography and Mass Spektofotmetry Spectrofotometry (GC-MS). 3) Based on the selection of bacteria through qualitative and quantitative testing are the three best bacteria with code RPL -5, TRA-5 and RPL-1. Bacteria with the code TRA-5 has the best substrate degradation abilities of Profenofos and bacteria with code RPL-5 has the best degradation on susbtrat ability of Malathion The next best in the bacterial synergistic test to get the best Consortium bacteria to be used in a test of degradation on a scale of application is limited to water and sediment Rawa Pening on maximum concentrations, as follows : 1) Bacterial Consortium with the code RPL-5 and RPL-1 has the best on subastrat degradation ability test of water from Rawa Pening with the addition of concentrations of Malathion 2) Bacterial Consortium with the code RPL-5 and TRA-5 has the best on subastrat degradation ability test of water from Rawa Pening with the addition of concentrations of Profenofos xlii Identification of bacteria selected and most superior in Malathion degrades and Profenofos done in molecular biology shows the following results: 1) The maximum identity similarity levels of bacteria RPL-1 is 87% and based on the analysis of the phylogenetic tree, the bacteria isolates RPL-1 had the closest kinship with Oceanobacillus iheyenis 2) The maximum identity similarity levels of bacteria RPL-5 is 99% and based on the analysis of the phylogenetic tree, the bacteria isolates RPL-5 has the closest kinship with the bacteria Exiquobacterium profundum 3) The maximum identity similarity levels of TRA-5 is 98% based on the phylogenetic tree analysis of bacterial isolates, TRA-5 has a very close kinship with Bacillus firmus Keywords: Pollution Of Pesticide, Malathion, Profenofos, Bioremediation, Molecular Biology Degradation, Bioremediation