ANALISIS RISIKO PAJANAN KRONIK Pb DI LINGKUNGAN INDUSTRI KUNINGAN TERHADAP KADAR MONOAMIN OKSIDASE A, SEROTONIN DAN PERILAKU ANTISOSIAL PERAJIN KUNINGAN

Abstract

Pemajanan kronik Pb di lingkungan kerja dapat mempengaruhi aktivitas enzim dan hormon yang beraktivitas di pusat saraf. Kondisi ini dapat berimplikasi pada munculnya perilaku antisosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan pajanan kronik Pb lingkungan pada pekerja peleburan logam kuningan menyebabkan meningkatnya kadar Pb darah, yang akan mempengaruhi kadar enzim MAO dan neurotransmiter serotonin sehingga menstimulasi terjadinya perilaku anti sosial. Juga menganalisis pola hubungan di antara variabel-variabel tersebut. Penelitian dirancang secara cross sectional, jumlah sampel 55 orang perajin kuningan berusia 17-70 tahun, telah bekerja minimal 2 tahun, pendidikan minimal setara SD. Sebagai variabel bebas adalah kadar Pb darah pekerja dan sebagai variabel tergantung adalah perilaku antisosial . kadar MAO A dan serotonin sebagai variabel antara. Data dianalisis dengan analisis jalur, analisis probit, statistik deskriptif dan anova univariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan linier antar variabel yang diteliti. Hasil analisis jalur menunjukkan terdapat hubungan kausal empiris antar variabel penelitian. Perilaku antisosial yang muncul termasuk kategori rendah sampai sedang. Konsentrasi kadar Pb darah terendah yang menyebabkan penurunan kadar serotonin di bawah ambang batas normal adalah 34,159 µg/dl, dan serotonin merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya perilaku antisosial dengan rasio prevalensi 9,375. Untuk variabel prakondisi hanya variabel usia yang berarti secara signifikan. Disimpulkan bahwa pajanan kronik Pb di lingkungan pekerja peleburan kuningan menyebabkan peningkatan kadar Pb darah yang berakibat pada peningkatan kadar enzim MAO A dan penurunan kadar serotonin, sehingga menstimulasi munculnya perilaku anti sosial. Pola hubungan di antara kadar Pb darah dalam memicu terjadinya perilaku anti sosial pada perajin kuningan adalah melalui pengaruh tak langsung dari kadar MAO A dan serotonin. Kata kunci : pajanan kronik Pb lingkungan, kadar Pb darah, MAO A, serotonin, perilaku antisosial A chronic exposure of Pb in the environment could affect the activity of enzymes and hormones that active in the center of nerve. This condition could be implicated in the emergence of antisocial behavior. This study aimed to prove the chronic exposure of Pb in the brass metal smelting environment to the brasscraftmen, which increased the level of Pb in blood. The high level of Pb in blood would affect the levels of the neurotransmitters serotonin and MAO-A which stimulated the occurrence of anti-social behavior. This study also analyzed the pattern of relationships among variablessuch variable. The study used a cross-sectional design with a sample of 55 brasscraftmen, aged 17-70 years old. They have worked in the smelting industries at least for two years and had the primary education. As an independent variable, the blood lead levels, whereas the dependent variable was antisocial behavior. The MAO A enzyme and serotonin were intervening variables.The results were analyzed by path analysis, probit analysis, prevalence ratio, descriptive statistics and univariate ANOVA. The results showed that there was a linear relationship between the variables studied. The results of path analysis showed that there was empirical causal relationship among the study variables. The lowest blood lead levels which affected the serotonin level were 34.159 g/dl and serotonin is the risk factor of antisocial behavior with prevalence ratio 9,375.The antisocial behavior emerged including low to moderate category. The significant precondition variable was age of workers. It is concluded that the chronic exposure to Pb in brass smelting working environment caused an increase of blood lead levels. This high blood lead level increased the level of the enzyme monoamine oxidase A and decreased of serotonin. Thus, it stimulated the emergence of antisocial behavior. The pattern of the relationship between blood lead levels in emergence of antisocial behavior on brasscraftmen were through indirect influence from MAO A and serotonin levels. Keywords: Chronic exposure to environmental Pb, blood lead levels, MAO, serotonin, antisocial behavior