PENDEKATAN WATER POINT MAPPING (WPM) DALAM MONITORING PROGRAM PENYEDIAAN AIR BERSIH PENDUDUK DI KABUPATEN AGAM STUDI KASUS JORONG LIMO BADAK NAGARI MALALAK TIMUR

Abstract

Dalam rangka pencapaian target pembangunan sektor air bersih di Indonesia pada tahun 2019, yang menargetkan akses sebesar 100 persen penduduk terhadap sumber air bersih yang aman dan berkelanjutan, Pemerintah Kabupaten Agam telah menetapkan arahan kebijakan pembangunan sebagaimana yang dimuat dalam Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Daerah (RPJMD) Kabupaten Agam 2016-2021, yaitu dengan memperluas cakupan pelayanan air bersih yang layak dan berkelanjutan. Water point mapping merupakan alat atau instrumen yang digunakan oleh pemangku kepentingan untuk pengendalian program penyediaan air bersih melalui pendekatan keruangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik program penyediaan air bersih dan pelaksanaan monitoring yang dilakukan di Kabupaten Agam dalam rangka peningkatan efisiensi dan efektifitas program. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mendeskripsikan karakteristik program penyediaan air bersih penduduk di Kabupaten Agam dan pelaksanaan monitoring program terkait. Jorong Limo Badak ditetapkan sebagai pilot project penerapan metode Water Point Mapping (WPM) dalam monitoring penyediaan air bersih penduduk yang nantinya bisa direplikasikan di lokasi lain di Kabupaten Agam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa indikator kinerja daerah bidang air bersih yang telah ditetapkan di Kabupaten Agam yaitu akses penduduk terhadap sumber air bersih yang aman dan berkelanjutan sebesar 100 persen pada tahun 2019. Indikator kinerja daerah ini dijabarkan dengan 11 (sebelas) program yang terdiri atas 28 (dua puluh delapan) kegiatan yang tersebar pada 7 (tujuh) Satuan Organisasi Perangkat Daerah (SOPD). Pelaksanaan monitoring program dilakukan oleh BAPPEDA melalui pelaporan oleh masing-masing SOPD tanpa ada pengintegrasian indikator monitoring antar program. Hal ini mengakibatkan penilaian status dan progres pembangunan air bersih yang layak dan berkelanjutan sulit dilakukan dan cenderung tidak valid. Dari penerapan metode Water Point Mapping di Jorong Limo Badak ditemukan bahwa kondisi bahwa cakupan pelayanan air bersih dari sistem komunal mencapai 495 persen atau diatas standar pelayanan minimal jumlah titik pengambilan air bersih (Water Point), cakupan pelayanan dari titik pengambilan air bersih sistem individual sebesar 81 persen, proporsi titik pengambilan air bersih yang Improved dan fungsional (FIWP) sebesar 99,47 persen, proporsi titik pengambilan air bersih fungsional berdasarkan indikator pengelola dan keberfungsian sepanjang tahun masing-masing sebesar 100 persen, dan proporsi titik pengambilan air bersih fungsional berdasarkan indikator pemeliharaan dan kualitas masing-masing sebesar 0 (nol) persen. Kata kunci : air bersih, program, monitoring, Water Point Mapping, Kabupaten Agam, Jorong Limo Badak In order to achieve the development target of the clean water sector in Indonesia in 2019, which targets 100 percent of the population's access to safe and sustainable clean water sources, the Agam Regency Government has set the direction of development policies as contained in the Regional Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMD) 2016-2021, namely by expanding the coverage of clean and decent water services. Water point mapping is a tool or instrument used by stakeholders to control clean water supply programs through spatial approaches. This study aims to identify the characteristics of the clean water supply program and the implementation of monitoring carried out in Agam Regency in order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the program. This research is a descriptive research with quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study was conducted by describing the characteristics of the community's clean water supply program in Kabupaten Agam and the implementation of related monitoring programs. Jorong Limo Badak was designated as a pilot project for the implementation of the Water Point Mapping (WPM) method in monitoring the population's clean water supply which could later be replicated in other locations in Agam Regency. The results of the study indicate that the indicators of regional water performance in the area of clean water that have been established in Kabupaten Agam are population access to safe and sustainable sources of clean water by 100 percent in 2019.This regional performance indicator is elaborated with 11 (eleven) programs consisting of 28 (twenty eight) activities spread over 7 (seven) Regional Device Organizational Units (SOPD). Program monitoring is carried out by BAPPEDA through reporting by each SOPD without integration of monitoring indicators between programs. This results in the assessment of the status and progress of the development of clean and proper water which is sustainable and difficult to do and tends to be invalid. From the application of the Water Point Mapping method in Jorong Limo Badak it was found that the condition that the coverage of clean water services from the communal system reached 495 percent or above the service standard at least the number of points for taking clean water (Water Point), the service coverage from the point of taking individual water systems by 81 percent, the proportion of Improved and functional water withdrawal points (FIWP) is 99.47 percent, the proportion of functional water withdrawal points based on management and function indicators throughout the year is 100 percent, and the proportion of functional clean water collection points is based on maintenance indicators and the quality, each of both is 0 (zero) percent. Keywords: clean water, program, monitoring, Water Point Mapping, Agam District, Jorong Limo Badak