Spatial database for The Impact of Global Warming and Climate Changes to Vulnerable Fisheries Resources and Adaptable Strategies

Abstract

ABSTRACT - Analysis on 25 years data in Java sea since 1980 to 2008 had detected a significant Sea Surface Temperature (SST) positive anomaly which regarded as an impact of climate change in terms of ecological or oceanographical variables, had been coupled with an extreme seasonal changes of ocean wind, wave height, and tide-height. Some fishing port and fish landing places in Java reported in fish production and seasonal changes. The argument was that the seawater temperature (both SST and sub-surface) was assumed as one of the limiting factor for some small pelagic fish community structure, and some other species is known as seawater temperature conformer (poikilothermic species). The study was designed to develop an integrated Spatial Database System to detect and monitor the phenomena of global warming through the change on SST and sub-surface seawater temperature and its impact to oceanographic phenomena such as up-welling, El Nino, La Nina, 10D, and on the ecosystem phenomena such as on the seasonality on plankton and larval community, fish behavior and life cycles such as gonad maturation, spawning cycles, egg development, vertical and horizontal migratory behavior and ultimately its impact on the vulnerable marine fish resources. The fundamental concept and approach in the study is 'dynamic-mapping' based on time-series data and development of 'spatial multilayer ecosystem data interaction analysis' and identification of any specific of ecosystem character in each area, actual spatial distribution pattern. Time series data was built from NCEP, Landsat_TM, MODIS, ALOS satellite data and in-situ vessel expeditions, TRITON buoy, ARGO float and others. Therafter to outline the grass-root strategy on adaptation for the climate change in the vulnerable fisheries sector is necessary,.for sustainable use. Some ambitious but important phenomena had been taken into account regarded with the vulnerable species were : benthic fish community in the shallow Java sea such as flat fish (Psettodidae); truly surface water plankton community and flying fish (Cypsilurus.sp); high migratory species in deepwater Thunnus.sp and Anguila.sp of North Sulawesi, south Java and west Sumatra Indian ocean; the living fossil of Caelacanth : Latimeria menadoensis off the north Sulawesi, Nautylus in Mollucas, Banda, Kangean islands, horse-shoe crab Limulus_sp, Loligo.sp, and Octopus in several coast of in Indonesia, turtle tracking. The ultimate use of the above approach would be to detect and comprehensive analysis on the ecological parameters interaction in order to understand the spatial character of the seawater as a an ecosystem, based on the digital layer of physical variables had been developed earlier sea surface and sub-surface seawater temperature, conductivity, salinity; chemical variables : pH, phosphate, nitrate, dissolved oxygen and biological variables : chlorophyll, phytoplankton, zooplankton and larvae (mostly fish and crustacean larvae) of shallow water Java sea, small pelagic or deepwater large pelagic refer to each special purposes. Keywords: spatial-database, climate-change, vulnerable, fisheries, adaptation-strategy