ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS FACTORS IN ORDER TO ENHANCE PRODUCTIVITY AND INCOME OF DAIRY CATTLE FARMERS IN CENTRAL JAVA - INDONESIA

Abstract

Penelitian bertujuan untuk menentukan potensi pengembangan sapi perah rakyat dan pengaruh berbagai faktor usaha untuk peningkatan produktivitas usaha dan pendapatan peternak sapi perah. Penelitian menggunakan metode survei pada tiga lokasi, yaitu Kabupaten Semarang, Boyolali dan Banyumas. Sampel sebanyak 495 peternak, terdiri dari 225 peternak anggota Koperasi Unit Desa (PKUD), 180 peternak anggota koperasi susu (PKSU) dan 90 peternak anggota gabungan kelompok tani ternak sapi perah (PGPT) sebagai responden penelitian. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan peternak dan data sekunder diambil dari instansi yang terkait. Analisis deskriptif dan model SEM (structural equation modeling) digunakan dalam penelitian. Berdasarkan analisis LQ (Location Quotient), sapi perah di Jawa Tengah potensial untuk dikembangkan. Nilai LQ Kabupaten Semarang, Boyolali dan Banyumas berturut-turut adalah 4,57; 7,68 dan 0,46 dengan rata-rata 4,24. Tingkat pendapatan peternak sebesar Rp 1.024.095/bulan dengan rata-rata skala kepemilikan 2,7 ekor sapi laktasi/peternak. Model SEM dihasilkan sesuai dengan persyaratan. Faktor usaha yang berpengaruh langsung dan sangat siqnifikan (P<0,01) terhadap produktivitas usaha adalah faktor lingkungan, ekonomi, kelembagaan dan sosial. Sedangkan terhadap pendapatan peternak faktor teknis dan kelembagaan berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) dan faktor lingkungan, ekonomi dan sosial berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap pendapatan peternak. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa peran faktor teknis, sosial, ekonomi, kelembagaan dan lingkungan usaha perlu diperhatikan dalam upaya untuk peningkatan produktivitas usaha dan pendapatan peternak. Kata kunci : faktor produktivitas, pendapatan, sapi perah ABSTRACT This survey aims were to determine the potency of dairy cattle development, and to find the relationship among of various factors to improve productivity and income of dairy cattle farmers. Semarang, Boyolali and Banyumas districts were taken as study location. Total respondents were 495 farmers, in which 225 farmers were members of the Village Unit Cooperative (VUC), 180 farmers were member of Various Business Cooperative (VBC) and 90 farmers were member of Farmer Group Association (FGA). Primary data were obtained through interviews with farmers and secondary data were obtained from related institution. Descriptive and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis were used in the study. Based on LQ (Location Quotiens) analysis, dairy cattle in Central Java was potential to be developed. The LQ value of Semarang, Boyolali and Banyumas districs were 4.57, 7.68 and 0.46, respectively, with 4.24 on average. The dairy cattle farmer income was IDR 1.024.095/month with an average of scale ownership lactation cattle was 2.7 head/farmer. Model Goodness of Fit of SEM was fit with the SEM requirement. The productivity was influenced significantly (P<0.01) by environmental, economic, institutional, and social factors. Dairy cattle farmer income were influenced highly significant (P<0.01) by technical and institutional factors (P<0.05) of the income. These results indicated that the role of technical factors, social, economic, institutional and business environment needs to be considered in order to increase business productivity and farmer incomes.