IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM DESA TANGGUH BENCANA ASPEK LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DI KABUPATEN PATI (STUDI KASUS DI DESA BABALAN KECAMATAN GABUS)

Abstract

Kabupaten Pati menerapkan program desa tangguh bencana untuk mencapai sasaran meningkatnya kesiagaan masyarakat terhadap bencana serta mengurangi risiko bencana. Desa Babalan merupakan salah satu desa yang menjadi sasaran pengembangan desa tanguh bencana. Desa Babalan mempunyai indek risiko bencana khususnya banjir yang tinggi karena terletak di sepanjang Sungai Juwana. Pelaksanaan program Desa Tangguh Bencana saat ini belum bersinergi dengan Program Kampung Iklim, padahal ada indikator yang saling berkaitan terkait pengurangan bencana akibat iklim. Indikator Program Kampung Iklim yang terkait dengan pengurangan bencana dimasukan dalam Program Desa Tangguh Bencana karena permasalahan lingkungan dan bencana saling berkaitan. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut maka dilakukan penelitian bagaimana tingkat ketangguhan desa aspek lingkungan hidup dalam menghadapi bencana di Desa Babalan Kecamatan Gabus. Metode penelitian ini berdasarkan skoring seperti dalam Peraturan Kepala BNPB Nomor 1 tahun 2012 yang dilengkapi aspek penilaian Program Kampung Iklim. Tingkat ketangguhan dibagi 3 tingkatan yaitu skor 28-65 tingkat Pratama, skor 66-103 tingkat Madya, skor 104-140 tingkat Utama. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara Focus Group Discussion (FGD), kuisioner dan wawancara. FGD dilakukan untuk mendapatkan data yang membutuhkan pemahaman antara pemangku kepentingan. FGD membahas 20 aspek, setiap aspek mempunyai 5 tingkatan pertanyaan. Setiap tingkatan pertanyaan dijawab “Ya” mempunyai skor 1 atau “Tidak” mempunyai skor 0, sehingga nilai maksimal 100. Kuisioner untuk menentukan prosentase capaian 8 aspek yang akan dikonversi ke 5 tingkatan, sehingga nilai maksimal 40. Tingkat ketangguhan desa aspek lingkungan hidup mempunyai nilai total maksimal 140. Hasil penelitian menunjukan aspek yang mempunyai skor 5 adalah legislasi, kerjasama antar masyarakat dan desa, dana pengurangan risiko bencana, partisipasi warga dalam tim relawan, pelibatan perempuan dalam tim relawan, pelaksanaan adaptasi dan mitigasi struktural (fisik), kelompok masyarakat yang diakui keberadaannya dan ketahanan pangan. Aspek yang mempunyai nilai 4 adalah forum PRB, perlindungan kesehatan dan penggunaan energi terbarukan. Aspek yang mempunyai nilai 3 adalah perencanaan, peta dan analisis risiko dan sistem peringatan dini. Aspek yang mempunyai nilai 2 adalah pelatihan relawan, pelatihan warga, peta dan jalur evakuasi, pengelolaan sumber daya alam untuk pengurangan risiko bencana, perlindungan aset produktif, pengendalian kekeringan dan banjir serta pengelolaan sampah padat. Aspek yang mempunyai nilai 1 adalah relawan penanggulangan bencana, dana tanggap darurat, pelatihan pemerintah desa, peningkatan tutupan vegetasi, ketahanan ekonomi, antisipasi kenaikan muka air laut dan pengelolaan limbah cair. Berdasarkan perhitungan skoring yang memperoleh nilai 82, maka dapat diartikan tingkat ketangguhan Desa Babalan pada Tingkat Madya. Kata kunci: Implementasi, Program, Desa Tangguh Bencana, Aspek Lingkungan Hidup Pati District is implementing a resilient village program to achieve the target of increasing community preparedness for disaster and reducing disaster risk. The village of Babalan is one of the villages targeted for the development of disaster resilient villages. The Babalan village has a disaster risk index, especially high flooding because it is located along the Juwana river. The implementation of the Disaster Resilient Villages Program is not currently in synergy with the Climate Villages Program, whereas there are interrelated indicators related to climate-related disaster mitigation. Indicators of Climate Villages Program related to disaster reduction are included in the Disaster Resilient Villages Program because environmental and disaster issues are interrelated. Based on these problems, it is done how the level of village resilience aspects of the environment in facing disaster in Babalan villages, Gabus subdistrict. This research method based on scoring as in the Regulation of Head of BNPB Number 1 of 2012 which completed the assessment aspect of Climate Villages Program. The level of resilient is divided into 3 levels : 28-65 levels of Primary, 66-103 levels of Middle, 104-140 Main level. Data collection techniques by Focus Group Discussion (FGD), questionnaires and interviews. FGD are conducted to obtain data that requires understanding among stakeholders. The FGD discusses 20 aspects, each aspect has 5 levels of questions. Each level of question answered "Yes" has a score of 1 or "No" has a score of 0, so the maximum value of 100. Questionnaire to determine the percentage of achievement of 8 aspects to be converted to 5 levels, so the maximum value of 40. Village resilient level of environmental aspects have value total of maximum 140. The research results show aspects that have a score of 5 are legislation, cooperation between communities and villages, disaster risk reduction funds, citizen participation in volunteer teams, involvement of women in volunteer teams, adaptation and structural (physical) mitigation, recognized its existence and food security. Aspects that have a value of 4 are DRR forums, health protection and use of renewable energy. Aspects that have a value of 3 are planning, maps and risk analysis and early warning systems. Aspects that have a score of 2 are volunteer training, community training, maps and evacuation routes, natural resource management for disaster risk reduction, productive asset protection, drought and flood control and solid waste management. Aspects that have a value of 1 are disaster relief volunteers, emergency response funds, village government training, increased vegetation cover, economic resilience, anticipated sea level rise and waste water management. Based on the calculation of scores that get the value 82, it can be interpreted level of resilient Babalan Village at the Middle Level. Key word: Implementation, Program, Disaster Resilient Village, Environmental Aspect