PENGARUH TEMPERATUR, KECEPATAN PUTAR ULIR, DAN WAKTU PEMANASAN AWAL TERHADAP PEROLEHAN MINYAK BIJI KAPUK DARI BIJI KAPUK DENGAN METODE PENEKANAN MEKANIS (SCREW PRESSING)” Effect of Preheating Temperature and Screw Speed on Kapok (Ceiba Petandra) Seed Oil Yield using Screw Press Method

Abstract

Kapok (Ceiba Petranda)is a plant with seeds be used for vegetable oil and biodiesel . Kapok seeds contains oil, in 100 grams kapok seeds contain 25,67-43,64 grams. The main content of which is a large enough concentration of protein and gossypol (pigment color of kapok seeds). Fats and oils can be obtained from the extraction of animal or plant in three ways , those are rendering, pressing, or with solvent. Two ways are common in mechanical pressing those are hydraulic pressing and screw pressing. How to screw pressing requires preliminary treatment consisting of cooking or tempering process. The object of this research is to study the effect of temperature, rotary velocity and initial heating time to oil content of kapok seed oil. The kapok seeds are sorted and cleaned and then heated at 50oC with time variables. The kapok seeds are pressed with variable temperature and rotational speed of the thread. This research will use 23 factorial design with 3 center point. Analyzes to be performed on the product are rendement, yield, density, viscosity, acid number and saponification number. The highest rendement is 4.28% and the lowest is 2.8%. The highest yield was 74.35% and the lowest was 52.07%. The highest density was 0.998 gr / ml and the lowest was 0.903 gr / ml. The highest viscosity was 19.72 Cp and the lowest was 11.03 Cp. The highest acid number is 1.45 grKOH / grSampel and the lowest is 1.00 grKOH / grSampel. The highest saponification number was 124.82 mg / KOH / grSampel and the lowest was 88.35 mg / KOH / grSampel Keywords : Kapok , Kapok Seed Oil , Screw Pressing