PENGARUH SUHU DALAM PENIGKATAN KADAR EUGENOL PADA MINYAK ATSIRI DAUN CENGKEH DENGAN METODE SAPONIFIKASI-DISTILASI VAKUM (The Influence of Temperature to Enhancement of Eugenol Degree in Clove Leaf Essential Oil with Saponification-Distillation Method)

Abstract

The purpose of the research is to study the saponifcation an vacuum distillation process to isolate eugenol from clove leaf essential oils and get the optimum condition from this process. Eugenol is a campound that is use in many industries, such as parfume, flavouring, and anesthetic. In this area, the clove leaf essential oils are available in market including 70% of eugenol. But the industry needs more than 90% eugenol included. So, we need to increased its impurity of eugenol. The process we use in this research is saponification-vacum distillation. The experimental use the NaOH normality is 0,8 N and the temperature operation of distillation are 200oC, 210oC and 220oC. the procedure of this reseach is mixing clove leaf essential oils with NaOH. After the solution has became homogenous, let it stand into two layers, organic layers and Na-Eugenolat. Separate the organic layer, and add HCl to the Na-Eugenolat till the pH down into 3-4. The higher layerthat eugenol is entred to the distillation tube. Run the distillation process with fixed temperature and vacum pressure 0,4719 atm (358,6735 mmHg). After distillation process we got the wighest volume and wighest content of eugenol at the temperature 220oC, that the content of eugenol is 92% and the volume of distilat is 39 ml. Keywords : clove leaf essential oil, eugenol, saponification, distilation.