OPTIMASI PENINGKATAN KADAR EUGENOL DALAM MINYAK ATSIRI DAUN CENGKEH MENGGUNAKAN METODE SAPONIFIKASI-DISTILASI VAKUM DENGAN VARIASI REFLUK (Optimization of Increasing Eugenol Content in Essential Oil of Clove Leaves Using Saponification-Distillation Vacuum with Reflux Variations)

Abstract

Clove leaf essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum) is an essential oil with eugenol main component which is many used in pharmaceutical industry and perfume industry which including high commodity marked indonesia’s exports is 60% from all requirement of clove oil in world. However, eugenol traded in the market has a level 70% while required in the industry with level 90%. so we need to increased its impurity of eugenol. the research used saponification-vacum distillation methodes The purpose of this methodes is isolate eugenol from clove leaf essential oils and get the optimum condition from this process.The research was conducted with 0,8 N NaOH reagent for eugenol isolation from clove leaf oil. And formed Na-eugenolate coating then added HCl to pH 3-4. Fixed Operating Conditions are Temperature 220oC,Time 30 min after the temperature is reached for collection of distillate volume and reflux volume, and vacuum pressure is 0,4719 atm (358,6735 mmHg). With the Reflux variable is 14 Reflux (5 ml), 12 Reflux (10 ml), 34 Reflux (15 ml) Full Reflux (20 ml) The result obtained can be used to determine the optimum condition of the eugenol isolation process from oil Clove leaf from vacuum distillation with the largest eugenol volume is 39 ml, the largest weigh is 1.0368, and the largest eugenol content is 92%, then the optimum condition with full reflux (20ml) Keywords: clove leaf oil, eugenol, saponification, vacuum distillation