Pengaruh Tekanan Press dan Temperatur Pemanasan Awal pada Perolehan Minyak Inti Sawit (Elaesis guineensis Jacq) dengan Metode Pengepresan Hidrolik (Hydraulic Pressing) (Effect of Pressure Press and Preheating Temperature on Elaesis guineensis Jacq yield using Hydraulic Pressing Methode)

Abstract

Palm oil is obtained from the processing of oil palm fruits (Elaeis Jacq guinensis). Broadly speaking, the oil palm fruit consists of fibers of the fruit (pericarp) and core (kernel). The fibers of oil palm fruit consists of three layers, namely the outer layer or rind, called the pericarp, the inner layer called mesocarp or pulp and innermost layer is called endocarp. Palm kernel consists of a layer of the seed coat (testa), endosperm and embryo. Mesocarp containing the oil levels on average by 56%, the core (kernel) oil content by 44%, and endocarp not contain oil. Palm kernel oil quality is determined by the pre-treatment stage, the stage of oil production and oil refining stage. Stage pretreatment solution can be seeds and process heating / drying. For the manufacturing phase of the oil, the way and the types and methods of oil recovery can determine the yield and quality of the oil produced while refining step may include a reduction in water content, bleaching / bleaching, and as well as filtration. The observed process variable is the effect of temperature and pressure on the yield and quality of palm kernel oil by using a hydraulic press used where the temperature is 110 oC, 130 oC, and 150 oC and pressure of 1800 psia and 2000 psia. The resulting product had a normal color / clear yellow. Density obtained from all the above variables are already approaching the standard density in the range of 0.926 to 1.072 g / ml. Viscosity obtained from all of the variables above have as standard the viscosity is in the range from 140.837 to 162.567 cp. Obtained the highest yield of 13.760% with a variable temperature of 150 ° C and pressure of 2000 psia. Values obtained the acid number is quite high due to the distance when the palm fruit plucked by practicum long time so that the content of free fatty acids increased. Saponification number value and peroxide value obtained is still within the tolerance level that the oil obtained has good quality. Keywords: Palm Kernel Oil, Hydraulic Pres, Temperature, Pressure, Yield