UKARA PITAKON (KALIMAT TANYA) DALAM BAHASA JAWA DIALEK JAWA TIMUR, SUB DIALEK MALANG

Abstract

Herawati et al. (2004) said that sentences are regarded as a concrete form of the language whether they are spoken in written or in oral form. Sentences have four characteristics that are complementary to each other, ie phonological, orthographic, grammatical, and meaning (Herawati et al., 2004: 14). This paper discusses the characteristics of grammatical and the characteristics of meaning. The linguistic element of a sentence is said to be complete when at least the sentence consists of subject (S) and predicate (P) as the following sentence, Siti mangan 'Siti eats'. In that sentence, Siti is the subject (S) and mangan is a predicate (P). The meaning of the sentence is said to be acceptable to be explained by two examples of the following sentence: (a) Rudi nulis layang nganggo potelot 'Rudi writes a letter using a pencil' and (b) *Rudi nulis layang ngango godhong 'Rudi writes a letter using a leaf'. Example (a) is an acceptable sentence because pencil is used for writing, whereas example (b) contains unacceptable meaning because leaves are not a writing tool and cannot be used for writing. So an arrangement can be said as a sentence when the order contains acceptable meaning. Furthermore, this paper limits the discussion only to the type of sentence according to the purpose or the form of the interrogative sentence. While the method used in this paper is an introspective method, namely by utilizing the author's intuition as native speakers of Javanese, dialect of East Java. So the linguistic data obtained in the form of Java language dialect Malang East Java. The characteristics of ukara pitakon (interrogative sentences) in Javanese are ending with a question mark (?), and / or query element. These characteristics can be seen from 2 things: syntactic behavior, and semantic behavior. Syntactic behaviors of sentence in Javanese language among others are (1) In the verbs predicated sentence then the question word or interrogative pronoun (PN1) tend to occupy the function of the subject, object, or complement; (2) As the core of the phrase, the question word or interrogative pronoun (PN1) occupies the main part meanwhile the supporting part which can usually be numerals, adjectives, adjectives, verbs, or other nouns are in front or following behind. The role (semantic function) which can be done by the question word or the interrogative pronoun (PN1) in Javanese dialect of Malang East Java is apa 'what' to ask the object or yes no question, sapa 'who' to ask someone, kapan 'when' to ask Time, apaa 'why' to ask why, yaapa 'how' to ask the circumstances, endi 'which’ to ask for choice or place, ndek endi ‘where 'to ask the place, and pira ‘how many’ to ask the number or amount of something.