BEBERAPA FAKTOR RISIKO KEMATIAN NEONATAL DINI DI KABUPATEN KENDAL

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Menurut WHO dua pertiga kematian neonatal terjadi pada masa neonatal dini (0-6 hari). Hasil Riskesdas 2007 menunjukkan 78,5% kematian neonatal terjadi pada umur 0-6 hari. Di Kabupaten Kendal tahun 2012-2015 prosentase kematian neonatal dini dari seluruh kasus kematian neonatal masih cukup tinggi.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk membuktikan faktor ibu, faktor bayi, faktor pelayanan kesehatan dan faktor sosial ekonomi merupakan faktor risiko kematian neonatal dini. Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi case control didukung indepth interview. Populasi studi adalah bayi yang tercatat di puskesmas wilayah Kabupaten Kendal. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 114 orang terdiri dari 57 kasus dan 57 kontrol. Pengambilan sampel dengan consecutive sampling pada kasus dan random sampling pada kontrol.Variabel yang diteliti meliputi umur ibu, paritas, anemia ibu, status gizi ibu, komplikasi kehamilan, komplikasi persalinan, pendidikan ibu, berat lahir bayi, asfiksia, praktek ANC, penolong persalinan, tempat persalinan, pelayanan neonatal, rujukan dan tingkat pendapatan keluarga. Pengolahan data menggunakan SPSS, analisis data secara univariat, bivariat (chi square) dan multivariat ( regresi logistik). Hasil : Faktor yang terbukti merupakan faktor risiko kematian neonatal dini di Kabupaten Kendal adalah berat lahir bayi < 2500 gram/BBLR (p=0,024; aOR=6,983; 95%CI=1,290-37,804), asfiksia (p=<0,001; aOR=47,342; 95%CI=11,090-202,095) dan rujukan terlambat (p=0,002; aOR=17,831; 95%CI= 2,838-112,029) Simpulan : BBLR, asfiksia dan rujukan terlambat merupakan faktor risiko kematian neonatal dini dengan probabilitas sebesar 99,8% . Kata Kunci : Kematian Neonatal Dini, BBLR, asfiksia, rujukan terlambat Background : According to WHO two-thirds of neonatal deaths occur in the early neonatal period (0-6 days). The result of Riskesdas 2007 showed 78.5% of neonatal deaths occur at the age of 0-6 days. In Kendal Regency during the years of 2012-2015 the percentage of early neonatal mortality of all cases of neonatal mortality is still high. This research aims to prove that maternal factors, infant factors, health service factors and socioeconomic factors are the risk factors for early neonatal mortality. Methods: This research used case control design which was supported by indepth interviews. The study population was all babies recorded in community health centers in Kendal Regency. The research sample consisting of 57 cases and 57 controls. Samples were collected by a consecutive sampling technique. Variabel included maternal age, parity, maternal anemia, nutritional status of the mother, complications of pregnancy, childbirth complications, maternal education, infant birth weight, asphyxia, antenatal care, birth attendance, birth setting, neonatal care, referral and family income level. The data analysis used univariate, bivariat and multivariat. Results: Factors proven to be risk factors of early neonatal mortality were birth weight of neonates< 2,500 grams (p = 0.024; aOR = 6.983; 95% CI = 1.290-37.804), asphyxia (p = <0.001; aOR = 47.342; 95% CI = 11.090-202.095) and late referral (p = 0.002; aOR = 17.831; 95% CI = 2.838-112.029). Conclusion: Risk factors for early neonatal mortality are low birth weight, asphyxia and late referral with the probability of 99.8%. Keywords: Early neonatal mortality, low birth weight, asphyxia and late referral