PENGARUH SISTEM FONOLOGI BAHASA PERTAMA TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA KEDUA: STUDI KASUS PADA PENUTUR BAHASA CINA DAN JEPANG

Abstract

Learning a second language or other languages after the first language acquisition can cause many problems. The issue arises because of differences in grammatical systems or phonological system that may significantly compared to the first language. In the native speakers of Chinese and Japanese language who are learning Indonesian language as a second language found that they have various problems in phonological factors, while the grammatical factors do not find any difficulties. Differences phonological system prevailing in their respective languages cause differences in the perception of sound or noise arrest. Each language also has characteristics in fonotaktik, ie a set of rules in assembling phonological phonemes to form larger units, such as syllables. Indonesian have syllable pattern such as V, VK, KV, KVK and VKK, KKV, KKVK, KVKK, KKVKK, KKKV, and KKKVK. These patterns may be contained in other languages, but differences can arise in charging types phonemes such patterns. The data show that the dominant Indonesian sounds which indistinguishable by Japanese speakers are [ӗ] and [u], [r] and [l], nasal sounds like [n], [m ], [ŋ], [n], and the sound [h] followed by vowel [u]. On the other hand, Chinese speakers is difficult to distinguish the sounds [d], [t], [g], [k], [b], [p],[j] and [c], [s] followed by vowel [i] and vowel [o] followed by nasal sounds [ŋ]. Beside that, they also difficult to pronounce the Indonesian language syllable patterns.