Siallagan, Afni (2017) Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Akibat Paparan TSP (Mn dan Cr) Terhadap Siswa dan Guru di Sekolah Dasar Studi Kasus SDN Pandeanlamper 01 dan SDN Srondol Wetan 03, Semarang. Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Diponegoro.
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Abstract
ABSTRAK Meningkatnya kebutuhan akan transportasi dapat mempengaruhi kualitas udara. Penggunaan bahan bakar yang tidak baik dan masih mengandung logam berat dapat mencemari udara. Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) adalah salah satu emisi yang dihasilkan oleh kendaraan bermotor berupa campuran seluruh partikel dari berbagai senyawa organik dan anorganik yang tersebar di udara dengan diameter yang sangat kecil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan tingkat risiko kesehatan akibat paparan logam berat antara SDN yang terletak jauh dan dekat dari jalan raya. Pengambilan sampel TSP menggunakan alat High Volume Air Sampler (HVAS) dan pengujian logam berat (Mn dan Cr) menggunakan ICP-OES. Logam berat (Mn dan Cr) yang terkandung dalam TSP akan di analisis untuk mengetahui besarnya konsentrasi di udara ambien kemudian menghitung tingkat risiko yang ditimbulkan akibat paparan logam berat terhadap siswa dan guru di kedua lokasi studi serta membandingkan hasil tingkat risiko antara kedua lokasi studi. Perhitungan tingkat risiko dibagi menjadi 2 yaitu Hazard Index (HI) untuk efek non karsinogenik dan Cancer Risk (CR) untuk efek karsinogenik. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan tingkat analisis risiko, bahwa di SDN Srondol Wetan terdapat beberapa responden yang memiliki nilai HI logam Mn yang >1, menunjukkan bahwa terdapat efek karsinogenik yang terjadi. Sedangkan di SDN Pandeanlamper keseluruhan responden meemiliki nilai HI yang < 1, menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat efek karsinogenik yang terjadi. Dan nilai HI logam Cr masing-masing di kedua lokasi studi > 1. Nilai CR (Cancer Risk) jalur ingesti di SDN Pandeanlamper berada di bawah ambang batas dan terdapat beberapa yang telah termasuk dalam rentang ambang batas (medium risk). Sedangkan di SDN Srondol Wetan terdapat 3 responden yang memiliki nilai CR ingesti yang melebihi ambang batas (> 10-4), menunjukkan bahwa terdapat efek karsinogenik pada responden. Dan nilai CR jalur inhalasi pada kedua lokasi studi masing-masing berada dibawah ambang batas (< 10-6). Mengacu pada hasil penelitian bahwa rata-rata nilai risiko paparan (HI dan CR) di SDN Srondol Wetan 03 yang terletak 300 m dari jalan lokal (1,6 Km dari jalan raya) lebih tinggi daripada di SDN Pandeanlamper 01 yang berjarak 3 meter dari jalan raya, hal ini disebabkan karena konsentrasi logam Mn dan Cr dalam TSP di SDN Srondol Wetan lebih tinggi daripada di Pandeanlamper. Oleh karena itu sekolah yang dekat (3 meter) dari jalan raya belum tentu memiliki nilai paparan yang lebih tinggi daripada sekolah yang berjarak 300 m dari jalan lokal (1,6 Km dari jalan raya). Kata Kunci : Pencemaran Udara, TSP, Mn, Cr, Analisis RisikoABSTRACT The increasing need for transportation can affect the air quality. The use of bad fuel and still containing heavy metals can contaminate the air. Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) is one of the emissions produced by motor vehicles in the form of a mixture of all particles of various inorganic and organic compounds that are scattered in the air with very small diameter. This study aims to compare the level of health risks due to exposure to heavy metals between SDNs located far and near from the highway. TSP sampling used High Volume Air Sampler (HVAS) while the heavy metals content (Mn and Cr) was measured by using ICP-OES. Further, the heavy metals (Mn and Cr) contained in the TSP was used to determine the amount of ambient air concentration and then calculate the level of risk posed by heavy metal exposure to students and teachers in both study sites and compare the risk level results between the two study sites. Risk level calculation was divided into 2, ie Hazard Index (HI) for non carcinogenic effect and Cancer Risk (CR) for carcinogenic effect. Based on the calculation level of risk analysis, in SDN Srondol Wetan there were some respondents who have HI value of Mn metal >1, indicating that there were carcinogenic effects occured. Whereas in SDN Pandeanlamper, all respondents had HI values <1, indicating that no carcinogenic effect occured. Meanwhile, the value of HI of Cr metal in both study locations was >1, respectively. The CR (Cancer Risk) value of ingestion path in SDN Pandeanlamper was below the threshold whilst there were some which had been included in the range of the risk (medium risk). In SDN Srondol Wetan, there were three respondents who had CR ingestion value exceeding the threshold (>10-4), showed that there was a carcinogenic effect on respondents. The CR values of the inhalation paths at both study sites were below the threshold (<10-6). Referring to the results of the study that average eposure risk values (HI and CR) at SDN Srondol Wetan 03 lovated 300 m from local roads (1.6 Km from the highway) were higher than at SDN Pandeanlamper 01 which is 3 meters away from the road, this is due to the concentration of Mn and Cr metals in TSP in SDN Srondol Wetan was higher than in Pandeanlamper. Therefore, the nearest school (3 meters) from the highway did not necessarily have a higher display value than a school which is 300 m from the local road (1.6 Km from the highway). Keywords: Air Pollution, TSP, Mn, Cr, Risk Analysis
Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) |
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Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering |
Divisions: | Faculty of Engineering > Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering > Department of Environmental Engineering |
ID Code: | 54940 |
Deposited By: | INVALID USER |
Deposited On: | 20 Jul 2017 09:09 |
Last Modified: | 20 Jul 2017 09:09 |
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