Rock Anchoring in Karimun Jawa, Indonesia: Ecological Impacts and Management Implications

Abstract

Indonesia, one of the most densely populated countries in the world where 60% population relies on marine resources as an example is discussed to understand threats associated with climate change and coral reef crisis. The physical damage from rock anchoring which reduces the potential value of reefs to a tourism industry could be minimized through on-the ground training, the supply of information packages and education materials, and collaboration of locals in the region.