PENGARUH SUHU, WAKTU DAN TEKANAN TERHADAP PEROLEHAN MINYAK KELAPA DARI KOPRA DENGAN METODE PENEKANAN MEKANIS (HYDRAULIC PRESS) (Effects of Temperature, Time and Pressure on Yield of Coconut Oil from Copra with Mechanical Pressing Method (Hydraulic Press)

Abstract

Coconut (Cocos nucifera L) is a plant whose fruit is used as a source of oil. Palm fruit oil contains quite a lot that is 34.7 grams per 100 grams of oil. Coconut oil including oil group does not dry (non-drying oils). Fats and oils can be obtained from the extraction of animal or plant tissue in three ways, namely rendering, pressing, or with solvent. Two common ways in which the pressing mechanical pressing hydraulic (hydraulic pressing) and pressing threaded (screw pressing). How hydraulic presses require pre-treatment consists of the cooking process or tempering. The object in this research is to study the effect of temperature, time and pressure on the yield of coconut oil. Copra has been shredded is heated at a temperature of 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80ºC with a variable time of 10 minutes. Copra are compressed with variable pressure (1500 and 1800 psi) and pressing time (5,10 and 15 minutes). The analysis will be conducted on the products are yield, density, viscosity, acid number, and saponification. Lab work that has been done, the oil produced in all the variables have a value of the acid number and saponification in accordance with the terms coconut oil quality standards SNI.01-2902-1992 ie free fatty acid content max. 5% and saponification number 255-265 mg KOH / g of oil. Obtaining the greatest yield is at 6 variables as much as 48.80%. Keywords: Coconut, Coconut oil, Hydraulic pressing