POTENSI PENERAPAN EKO-EFISIENSI DI SMA NEGERI 1 AMBARAWA KABUPATEN SEMARANG, JAWA TENGAH

Abstract

Kenaikan tren penyediaan energi, konsumsi air bersih, dan timbulan sampah di Indonesia agaknya menjadi kendala serius dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Penelitian deskriptif ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi penerapan eko-efisiensi di lingkungan sekolah sebagai salah satu upaya mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Subjek penelitian yang digunakan adalah SMA N 1 Ambarawa, yang terletak di Kabupaten Semarang, Jawa Tengah. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode dokumentasi, observasi dan wawancara. Analisis data dilakukan melalui analisis SWOT, uji statistik, perhitungan Intensitas Konsumsi Energi (IKE), perhitungan emisi gas CO2, uji kualitas air, dan perhitungan berat timbulan sampah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata konsumsi energi listrik di SMA N 1 Ambarawa mencapai 11.022,008 kWh/bulan, yang mengakibatkan timbulnya emisi sekunder gas CO2 sebesar 9.644,257 kg CO2/bulan. Secara keseluruhan, konsumsi energi listrik di SMA N 1 Ambarawa tergolong sangat efisien, dengan nilai rata-rata IKE sebesar 1,7957 kWh/m2/bulan. Sedangkan rata-rata konsumsi LPG di SMA N 1 Ambarawa mencapai 162 kg/bulan, yang mengakibatkan timbulnya emisi primer gas CO2 sebesar 136,116 kg CO2/bulan. Kualitas air di SMA N 1 Ambarawa masih tergolong bersih. Rata-rata konsumsi air bersih di SMA N 1 Ambarawa mencapai 20.898 liter/hari. Sampah terbanyak yang dihasilkan setiap harinya di SMA N 1 Ambarawa adalah jenis sampah plastik. Secara keseluruhan, rata-rata berat total timbulan sampah yang dihasilkan di sekolah mencapai 0,1329 kg/orang/hari. Rekomendasi yang ditawarkan untuk meningkatkan potensi eko-efisiensi dalam pengelolaan energi dan air di SMA N 1 Ambarawa dibedakan menjadi tiga, yaitu rekomendasi no-cost, middle-cost, dan high-cost. Sedangkan rekomendasi yang ditawarkan untuk meningkatkan potensi eko-efisiensi dalam pengelolaan timbulan sampah di SMA N 1 Ambarawa dibedakan menjadi lima, yaitu pencegahan, pengurangan, pakai ulang, daur ulang, dan ambil ulang. Kesimpulannya, lingkungan sekolah memiliki potensi yang cukup tinggi untuk menerapkan eko-efisiensi sebagai salah satu upaya pelaksanaan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Kata kunci : air; eko-efisiensi; energi; lingkungan sekolah; pembangunan berkelanjutan; timbulan sampah The increasing of energy supply, water consumption, and pileup trash trend in Indonesia seems to be a serious problem in the implementation of sustainable development. This descriptive research aimed to determine the potential of eco-efficiency in school environment as one of efforts to solve this problem.The subject of this research was SMA N 1 Ambarawa, located on Semarang Regency of Central Java. The data collection was done by used documentation, observation and interview method. The data was analyzed by SWOT analysis, statistical test, calculation of the Intensity of Energy Consumption (IEC), calculation of the emissions of CO2, water quality test, and calculation of the heavy of pileup trash. The results showed that the average of electrical energy consumption in SMA N 1 Ambarawa reached 11022.008 kWh/month, which resulted in the emergence of secondary emissions of CO2 by 9644.257 kg CO2/month. Overall, the consumption of electrical energy in SMA N 1 Ambarawa was very efficient, with an IEC average 1.7957 kWh/m2/month. In addition, the average of LPG consumption in SMA N 1 Ambarawa reached 162 kg/month, which resulted in the emergence of primary emissions of CO2 by 136.116 kg CO2/month. Water quality in SMA N 1 Ambarawa still relatively clean. The average water consumption in SMA N 1 Ambarawa reached by 20898 liters/day. The most trash that produced every day in SMA N 1 Ambarawa was plastic waste. Overall, the average of the heavy of pileup trash in the school was 0.1329 kg/person/day. Recommendations were offered to increase the potential of eco-efficiency in energy and water management in SMA N 1 Ambarawa divided into three, there were no-cost, middle-cost and high-cost. While the recommendation which offered to increase the potential of eco-efficiency in waste management in SMA N 1 Ambarawa divided into five, there were prevention (rethink, elimination), reduce, reuse, recycle, and recovery. In conclusion, the school environment had the high potential enough to apply eco-efficiency as one of the efforts to do the sustainable development. Keywords : eco-efficiency; energy; pileup trash; school environment; sustainable development; water