PENGEMBANGAN KAWASAN MINAPOLITAN BERKELANJUTAN BERBASIS PERIKANAN BUDIDAYA IKAN AIR TAWAR di KABUPATEN MAGELANG

Abstract

Pengembangan kawasan minapolitan berkelanjutan berbasis perikanan budidaya air tawar merupakan salah satu langkah yang dilakukan dalam rangka peningkatan pembangunan sektor perikanan di Kabupaten Magelang. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk (1) mengkaji status keberlanjutan pengembangan kawasan minapolitan ditinjau dari aspek ekologi, ekonomi, sosial, infrastruktur, hukum dan kelembagaan, (2) mengkaji atribut yang berpengaruh terhadap status keberlanjutan, dan (3) merumuskan prioritas kebijakan dan strategi pengembangan kawasan minapolitan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk menentukan status keberlanjutan adalah RAP-multidimensi, analisis Pareto untuk menentukan atribut yang berpengaruh terhadap indeks keberlanjutan, dan AHP untuk menentukan strategi pengembangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa status keberlanjutan pengembangan kawasan minapolitan Kecamatan Sawangan untuk dimensi ekologi, infrastruktur, hukum dan kelembagaan berkategori cukup berkelanjutan sedangkan dimensi ekonomi dan sosial berstatus kurang berkelanjutan. Dimensi ekologi, infrastruktur, dan ekonomi Kecamatan Mungkid berada pada status cukup berkelanjutan sedangkan untuk dimensi sosial, hukum dan kelembagaan berstatus kurang berkelanjutan. Status keberlanjutan Kecamatan Muntilan untuk dimensi ekologi, infrastruktur, ekonomi, hukum dan kelembagaan berstatus cukup berkelanjutan sedangkan dimensi sosialnya kurang berkelanjutan. Atribut yang berpengaruh terhadap status keberlanjutan dimensi ekologi berupa pencegahan masuknya zat anorganik anorganik ke lingkungan budidaya, pengolahan limbah, alih fungsi lahan, daya dukung pakan, dan kejadian kekeringan. Dimensi ekonomi dipengaruhi atribut pendapatan pembudidaya, transfer keuntungan, kepemilikan lahan, subsidi pemerintah, keuntungan pembudidaya, kelayakan usaha perikanan, pemasaran hasil perikanan, serta kontribusi usaha perikanan kepada PDRB. Dimensi sosial dipengaruhui oleh atribut frekuensi penyuluhan, prosentase penduduk yang bekerja disektor perikanan, konflik sumberdaya air, persepsi pembudidaya terhadap pengembangan kawasan minapolitan, dan akses informasi bidang perikanan. Dimensi infrastruktur dipengaruhi oleh atribut jaringan drainase, jaringan telekomunikasi, sanitasi, sarana kesehatan, jaringan jalan usaha, jaringan listrik, jaringan persampahan, dan jaringan irigasi. Dimensi hukum dan kelembagaan dipengeruhui oleh atribut kelompok pembudidaya, sinkronisasi kebijakan pusat dan daerah mengenai pengembangan kawasan minapolitan, kerja sama pemerintah pusat dan daerah tentang pengembangan kawasan minapolitan, keberadaan peraturan di tingkat daerah mengenai pengembangan kawasan minapolitan, keberadaan lembaga keuangan mikro, serta standarisasi mutu benih. Kebijakan utama untuk mendukung keberlanjutan pengembangan kawasan minapolitan adalah pencegahan terhadap kekeringan, peningkatan kontribusi terhadap PDRB, mempermudah akses informasi dibidang perikanan, pengembangan sistem jaringan irigasi dan standarisasi mutu benih. Kata Kunci : RAP-Fish, Minapolitan Berbasis Perikanan Budidaya, AHP, Berkelanjutan The development of sustainable minapolitan area based on freshwater aquaculture is one of the steps taken in order to improve the development of the fisheries sector in Magelang Regency. This study aims to (1) assess the sustainability status of minapolitan development in terms of ecological, economic, social, infrastructure, legal and institutional, (2) assess the attributes that affect the status of sustainability and (3) to formulate policy priorities and strategies for the sustainable development of the Minapolitan. The method used in this study using RAP-multidimensional to determine the value of sustainability index, Pareto analysis to determine the attributes that affect the index values of sustainability, as well as strategy development with the method Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results showed that sustainability status of Minapolitan development in the Sawangan District for ecological, infrastructure, legal and institutional dimension is quite sustainable while for the economic and social dimensions still a less sustainable. The dimensions of ecology, infrastructure, and the economy at Mungkid District is on a quite sustainable status while for the sustainability of the social, legal and institutional still in less sustainable status. Sustainability status of Minapolitan development in the Muntilan District for ecological, infrastructure, economic, legal and institutional dimension is quite sustainable while the social dimension is a less sustainable. The attributes that affect the sustainability status of ecological dimension are prevention of entry of inorganic substances get into aquaculture, waste management, land conversion, the carrying capacity of the feed, and the incidence of drought. In the economic dimension affected by attribute farmers income, profit transfers, land ownership, government subsidies, farmers benefit, fisheries business feasibility, marketing of fishery products, as well as the contribution of fisheries to GDP. The social dimension affected by the following attributes : frequency extension, the percentage of the working population fisheries sector, water resource use conflicts, the perception of farmers towards Minapolitan development, and access to information for farmers field of fisheries. The infrastructure dimension affected by attributes: drainage, telecommunication networks, sanitation, health facilities, road networks business, electricity, garbage network, and irrigation networks. The legal and institutional dimensions affected by attribute groups of farmers, national and local policy synchronization on Minapolitan development, cooperation central and local governments on the development Minapolitan, presence of regulations at the local level regarding the development Minapolitan, presence of microfinance institutions, as well as the standardization of seed quality. The main priority activities that should be undertaken to support sustainable minapolitan development are prevention of drought, increase the contribution of the fisheries sector to GDP, facilitate access to information in the field of fisheries, irrigation network system development and the standardization of quality fish seed. Key words : RAP-Fish, Minapolitan Based on freshwater aquaculture, AHP, Sustainability.