HUBUNGAN LINGKAR KEPALA DENGAN PERKEMBANGAN ANAK SINDROM DOWN

Abstract

Background: Down syndrome is congenital disease caused by abnormalities in 21st chromosome. Small head circumference and developmental delay are characteristics of children with Down Syndrome. Head circumference is the best predictor of growth and development of the brain. Overexpression genes on 21st chromosome alters the structure and function of the brain and eventually interfere with the child's development. Objective:To analyze the association between head circumference and development of child with Down syndrome. Methods: This study was a retrospective observational analytic. Twenty one samples collected from medical records of children with Down syndrome in RSUP dr. Karyadi Semarang. Manually and x-ray photo head circumference, BB / TB, congenital heart disease, thyroid status, and development DDST II were collected in this study. Fisher were used for statistical analysis. Results: Bivariate Fisher test for head circumference which measured by x-ray photograph showed significant relation between head circumference (cephalic index) and the development of gross motor sector (p <0.001); personal social (p = 0.028) and general development (p = 0.012). Besides, for modulus index and manually measured, there were no significant relationship between head circumference and development of children with Down syndrome. Conclusion: There is an association between head circumference (cephalic index) and development of child with Down Syndrome. Keywords: Down syndrome, head circumference, cephalic index, DDST II.