EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK PHALERIA MACROCARPA TERHADAP PENINGKATAN EKSPRESI GRANZYME SEL MONONUKLEAR DAN HAMBATAN PERKEMBANGAN DIAMETER TUMOR PADA MENCIT SWISS DENGAN KARSINOMA EPIDERMOID KULIT

Abstract

Background : Polyphenols in Phaleria macrocarpa (Mahkota Dewa) can stimulate Interferon-γ production in some immunocyt population and increase Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyt (CTL) and Natural Killer Cell (NK-Cell) activity. This process can be recognised from granzyme expression as a response to malignant cells and resistance of clinically tumor development which can be measured from tumor growth diameter of skin epidermoid carcinoma. Objective of this study is to prove the effect of gradation dose of Phaleria macrocarpa and combine with chemotherapy to mononuclear cells granzyme expression and tumor growth of skin epidermoid carcinoma. Material and Method : A randomized pre and post test only control group design in 36 Swiss mices were divided into 5 groups. The first group is control group, group-2 was treated with 0,035 mg (0,175 ml) Phaleria macrocarpa/day, group-3 was treated 0,0715 mg (0,36 ml) /day, group-4 was treated with paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 and cisplatin 50 mg/m2, and group 5 was treated with 0,0715 mg (0,36 ml) Phaleria macrocarpa/day combined with paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 and cysplatin 50 mg/m2. All mice were inducted for epidermoid carcinoma with 9, 12-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA) and 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) topically. Tumor size diameter were measured before and after the administration of Phaleria macrocarpa, paclitaxel and cysplatin, and combined for 9 weeks. Granzyme expressions were measured at the end of treatment. Kruskal Wallis test and Man Whitney test was used to evaluate the progression of tumor diameter size and Man Whitney Test was used to analyze granzyme expression. Spearman’s correlation test was performed to analyze the correlation between granzyme expression and diameter alteration of tumor size. Results : There was significant difference in granzyme expression variable and diameter alteration of tumor growth among groups with control. There was significant inhibition of tumor growth and increased of granzyme expression in group-5 compared with control group, group-2, group-3, and group-4. There was significant strongly negative correlation between granzyme expression and diameter alteration of tumor size (r=-0,668). Conclusion : Phaleria macrocarpa is able to increase the granzyme expressions of tumor cells and inhibit tumor mass progression. Key words : Phaleria macrocarpa, granzyme expression, tumor diameter, skin epidermoid carcinoma.