PENGEMBANGAN REAKTOR DENGAN ANALISA LEVEL GAS METANA DALAM PRODUKSI BIOGAS KOTORAN SAPI DAN SEKAM PADI DENGAN STARTER EFEKTIF MICROORGANISME 4 (EM-4) Reaktor Development with Level Analysis of Methan Gas on Cow Manure and Rice Husk Biogas Production Using Starter Effective Microorganism-4 (EM4)

Abstract

Biogas is a gas results from the fermentation of organic materials by anaerobic bacteria (bacteria that live in air-tight conditions). The main composition of biogas is methane (CH4) by 55-75% and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by 25-45% with a little hydrogen sulfide (H2S) around 0-3. Biogas formation process consists of 3 phases: hydrolysis, asidogenesis stage and methanogenesis stage. In general, all types of organic materials can be processed to produce biogas as feces and urine of animals and humans. The use of cow dung in the biogas production process of formation of the gas can be accelerated by using rice husk as well as the addition of EM-4 as a starter. The addition of EM-4 can accelerate the production of biogas as consisting of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus sp), photosynthetic bacteria (Rhodopseudomonas sp), Streptomycetes sp, Yeast (yeast), Actinomycetes. Experiments have been performed using the biogas production biodigester tank with a volume of 100 liters using cow manure as much as 5 kg and 1 kg of rice husk as well as EM-4 can produce as much as 500ml of gas on day 9 can be seen from the volume of gas that is formed by 830, 53 cm3 but gas was produced CO2 (yellowish orange flames). While the first day it produces methane gas is the 12th day since the gas that forms a yellowish blue and already there is a gas at 209.58 Joule heating.