Pengaruh Penyuluhan Bidan terhadap Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil tentang Deteksi Dini Kehamilan Risiko Tinggi pada Kelas Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Kota Pekalongan

Abstract

Universitas Diponegoro Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Program Magister Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Konsentrasi Administrasi dan Kebijakan Kesehatan Minat Manajemen Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak 2013 ABSTRAK Millatin Puspaningtyas Pengaruh Penyuluhan Bidan terhadap Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil tentang Deteksi Dini Kehamilan Risiko Tinggi pada Kelas Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Kota Pekalongan 126 halaman + 11 tabel + 3 gambar + 10 lampiran Salah satu faktor kematian ibu adalah keterlambatan penanganan kehamilan risiko tinggi. Hal ini disebabkan penyuluhan bidan yang kurang optimal tentang kehamilan risiko tinggi pada ibu hamil. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh penyuluhan bidan melalui buklet terhadap pengetahuan tentang deteksi dini kehamilan risiko tinggi di Kota Pekalongan. Penelitian dilakukan secara kuantitatif dengan metode kuasi eksperimental untuk peningkatan pengetahuan ibu hamil dan secara kualitatif untuk manajemen penyuluhan bidan. Perlakuan berupa penyuluhan bidan dengan menggunakan buklet. Variabel terikat adalah pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang deteksi dini kehamilan risiko tinggi. Responden berjumlah 36 ibu hamil pada kelompok perlakuan dan 36 pada kelompok kontrol. Pengumpulan data kuantitatif dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur dan kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam. Data kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan paired t-test dan wilcoxon, data kualitatif dengan content analysis. Hasil statistik menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan pengetahuan sebelum diberikan penyuluhan antara kedua kelompok (p = 0,424). Ada perbedaan pengetahuan sesudah diberikan penyuluhan antara kedua kelompok (p = 0,001), dan ada peningkatan pengetahuan setelah diberikan penyuluhan melalui buklet (p = 0,000). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengaruh perlakuan bagi ibu hamil yaitu mampu mendeteksi gejala kehamilan yang berisiko tinggi. Pada kelompok perlakuan terdeteksi 11 ibu hamil yang mempunyai faktor risiko tinggi. Secara kualitatif didapatkan hasil bahwa bidan belum pernah mengikuti pelatihan, mayoritas ibu hamil berpendidikan rendah, dan metode penyuluhan yang monoton terpusat pada buku KIA sehingga informasi yang didapat kurang mudah diterima oleh ibu hamil. Saran yang diusulkan yaitu pemberdayaan kader melalui pelatihan pemanfaatan buklet dalam membantu tugas bidan memberikan penyuluhan mengenai deteksi dini kehamilan risiko tinggi kepada ibu hamil. Kata Kunci : Penyuluhan, Bidan, Kelas Ibu Hamil, Manajemen, Pengetahuan, Deteksi Dini Kehamilan Risiko Tinggi Kepustakaan : 39 (1998-2013) Diponegoro University Faculty of Public Health Master’s Program in Public Health Majoring in Health Policy Administration Sub Majoring in Maternal and Child Health Management 2013 ABSTRACT Millatin Puspaningtyas The Influence of Providing Information conducted by Midwives to the Knowledge of Pregnant Women about Early Detection of High-Risk Pregnancy at Pregnant Women Class at Health Center in Pekalongan City 126 pages + 11 tables + 3 figures + 10 enclosures One of the maternal mortality factors is lateness in taking care of high-risk pregnancies. This condition is due to not optimal in providing information conducted by midwives about high-risk pregnancy among pregnant women. This research aimed to identify the Influence of providing information conducted by midwives using a booklet to the knowledge about early detection of high-risk pregnancy in Pekalongan City. This research was conducted quantitatively using quasi-experimental design to improve the knowledge of pregnant women and qualitatively to manage providing information by midwives. Kind of intervention was providing information by midwives using a booklet. A dependent variable was knowledge of pregnant women about early detection of high-risk pregnancy. Respondents were divided into 36 pregnant women in intervention group and 36 pregnant women in control group. Quantitative data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using paired t-test and Wilcoxon test. Otherwise, qualitative data were collected using indepth interview and analyzed using content analysis. The result of this research showed that there were no differences of knowledge between groups before providing intervention (p=0.424). In contrast, there were any differences of knowledge between groups after providing intervention (p=0.001). Score of knowledge increased significantly after providing information using a booklet (p=0.000). In addition, the provided intervention could detect symptoms of high-risk pregnancy. 11 persons among intervention group were detected as high risk pregnancy. Furthermore, qualitative data indicated that midwives had never followed training and mostly pregnant women had low education. In addition, method of providing information was just focused on a book of Maternal and Child Health. Therefore, pregnant women were difficult to understand obtained information. As a suggestion, there needs to empower cadres through providing training of a booklet use in assisting midwives’ tasks to provide information to pregnant women about early detection of high-risk pregnancy. Key Words : Providing Information, Midwives, Pregnant Women Class, Management, Knowledge, High-Risk Pregnancy Early Detection Bibliography : 39 (1998-2013)