KAJIAN KUALITAS UDARA DALAM RUANG DAN KEJADIAN SICK BUILDING SYNDROME (SBS) DI KANTOR BADAN KEPEGAWAIAN DAERAH PROVINSI KALIMANTAN BARAT

Abstract

Penggunaan Air Conditioner (AC) sebagai alternatif untuk mengganti ventilasi alami dapat meningkatkan kenyamanan dan produktivitas kerja, namun AC yang jarang dibersihkan akan menjadi tempat nyaman bagi mikroorganisme untuk berkembang biak. Kondisi tersebut mengakibatkan kualitas udara dalam ruangan menurun dan dapat menimbulkan berbagai gangguan kesehatan yang disebut sebagai Sick Building Syndrome (SBS). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kualitas udara ruangan terhadap kejadian Sick Building Syndrome pada karyawan di Kantor Badan Kepegawaian Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Penelitian berupa Observasional dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Besar sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 76 responden. Untuk mengetahui beda suhu, kelembaban, kecepatan gerak udara, kadar debu, jumlah kuman masing-masing ruangan terhadap kasus SBS sebanyak lima sampel digunakan uji beda Chi – Square goodness Of Fit Test. Hasil pengukuran parameter kualitas udara dalam ruangan (suhu, kelembaban, kecepatan gerak udara dan kadar debu, jumlah kuman), di lima ruangan didapat point prevalensi sebesar 56,57% dibandingkan dengan Nilai Ambang Batas udara, maka secara umum semua parameter kualitas udara di Kantor Badan Kepegawaian Daerah Provinsi Kalimantan Barat masih berada di bawah NAB. Dari hasil analisa statistik terhadap kasus SBS dengan tingkat kepercayaan α 0,05 didapat X2 hitung ( 6,88 ) < dari X2 tabel ( 9,488 ) dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan kejadian Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) pada masing-masing ruang di Kantor Badan Kepegawaian Daerah Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Kata Kunci : Kualitas udara, SBS, di ruangan ber-AC The use of Air Conditioning and ventilation as an alternative to natural ventilation has given rise to work convenience and productivity. However, AC with work sanitation is also proven to be an appropriate site for the growth of microorganisms. Such condition has caused lacking quality of the air conditioned room and health problems popularly known as Sick Building Syndrome (SBS). This research aimed to analyze the effects of air quality in the air conditioned rooms on the incidence of Sick Building Syndrome of the staff working at Staff Administation Office of West Kalimantan Provice. The research applied an observational method by means of cross sectional approach. Samples used for the research consisted of 76 respondents. In order to determine the difference in temperature, humidity, air movement speed, dust content, and bugs content, each of the room suspected by the Sick Building Syndrome was subject to a Chi-Square goodness of fit test. Results of measurement of indoor air quality parameters (temperature, humidity, air movement speed and dust content, and microorganism content) of the five studied rooms showed SBS rate of 56.854% of the air thresholds. Therefore, all of the air quality parameters found at Staff Administation Office of West Kalimantan Provice were considered below the air thresholds. In addition to the above report, results from the statistical analysis of the SBS incidence showed trust rate of  0.05 with 2value (6.88) < 2table (9.488). in conclusion, no difference in the SBS incidence was found at each of the rooms where the staff working at Staff Administation Office of West Kalimantan Provice were suspected by the Sick Building Syndrome (SBS). Keywords : air quality, SBS, air conditioned rooms