The Use of Chitosan as Antibacterial BioPolymer for the Rehabilitation and Optimalization of Tambak (Fish and Prawn Ponds)

Abstract

Chitosan was known as natural food preservative such as noodle, meat ball, soy-tofu, wide variety of fresh vegetables, fruits, meat and fish products, etc. Chitosan is a non-toxic substances, has no side effect as human food and was made from the shell of shrimps (Penaeidae), or swimming crabs (Portunus pelagicus). Chitosan is primarily a polysacharid, with β-1,4-2 amino-2-deoxy- β- D-glucopyranose. This biopolymer has a lot of noble functional characters such as anti-moth, anti-bacterial, coagulating agent for suspension, or heavy metals. This substance had been examined in the Lab of Natural Product, Diponegoro University and give a significant effect as bacteriostatic and bactericides for pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonela.sp; Pseudomonas, E.coli, B.subtilis, S.aureus, P.aeruginosa. In the study, liquid chitosan was used as anti- harmful/ pathogenic bacteria in the brackish water pond so that can eliminate and control the bacterial or virus outbreak which so far is the main problems in the fish and shrimp/ prawn culture ponds activities. The use of chitosan in the brackish water ponds in Laboratory of Coastal Development, Diponegoro University, Jepara had significantly increase water transparency, the growth of macro-benthic organism such as Polychates, and abundance of plankton as important natural feed for the cultured fish and shimp, and press down the growth of disease vector organism such as Cherithidae. With the application of chitosan had significantly press down the outbreak of fish and shrimp disease and increase up to 80 % the survival rate of tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon, Vanamae and polkadot grouper (Cromileptes.sp) and good harvest.